Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı demiryolu hatlarında kullanılan bağlantı elemanlarından biri olan SKL-21 gergi kıskaçlarının hasar analizinin deneysel olarak tespitidir. Çalışmada kullanılan kıskaçlar aynı şehir içi metro hattından 4 adetlik bir örneklemdir. Kıskaçların kırılma sebeplerini anlamak için numuneler üzerinden çeşitli ölçümler alınmıştır. Kıskaçlar öncelikle gözle muayene edilmiş ve daha sonra taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelemeye alınmıştır. Mikroyapı incelemeleri ve enerji dağılım spektroskopisi (EDS) analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca numunelerden Vickers sertlik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Yapılan hasar analizi kapsamında, kırılmanın oluşumunda iki farklı mekanizma görülmüştür. İlk duruma göre kıskaçlar hatalı montajdan dolayı ray tabanına göre normalden daha düşük bir pozisyonda kalmıştır. Bu durum; tren ray üzerinden geçerken aşırı deplasmana sebep olmakta ve tren rayın üzerinden geçerken kıskaçların zarar görmesi ile sonuçlanmaktadır. İkinci durum ise bazı bağlantı noktalarında kırılan kıskaçların karşısındaki kıskaçların yeterli torkla monte edilmemesidir; bu da kıskaçların aşırı yüklenerek kırılmasına neden olur.
References
- [1] T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Raylı Sistemler Teknolojisi, Raylar ve Bağlantılar. Ankara, Türkiye: MEB, 2013
- [2] H. Xiao, J. B. Wang and Y. R. Zhang, “The fractures of e-type fastening clips used in the subway: theory and experiment,” Eng. Fail. Analy., vol. 81, pp. 57-68, 2017.
- [3] X. Hong, G. Xiao, W. Haoyu, L. Xing and W. Sixing, “Fatigue damage analysis and life prediction of e-clip in railway fasteners based on abaqus and fe-safe,” Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1687814018767249, 2018.
- [4] A. Hasap, P. Paitekul, N. Noraphaiphipaksa and C. Kanchanomai, “Influence of toe load on the fatigue resistance of elastic rail clips,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F: J. Rail Rapid Transit, vol. 232, no. 4, pp. 1078-1087, 2018.
- [5] Z. Liu, K. S. Tsang, Y. Liu and J. H. L. Pang, “Finite element and experimental study on multiaxial fatigue analysis of rail clip failures,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2390-2401, 2020.
- [6] L. Ling, W. Li, H. Shang, X. Xiao, Z. Wen and X. Jin, “Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of rail corrugation on the behaviour of rail fastenings, ” Veh. Syst. Dyn., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1211-1231, 2014.
- [7] X. Gao, A. Wang, L. Liu, Y. He and L. Ju, “Analysis of failure mechanism of w1-type fastening clip in high speed railway and structure study of damping composite,” Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 118, pp. 104848, 2020.
- [8] S. H. Kim, X. J. Fang, Y. C. Park and H. B. Sim, “Evaluation of structural behavior and fatigue performance of a kr-type rail clip,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 12074, 2021.
- [9] D. Ferreño, J.A. Casado, I. A. Carrascal, S. Diego, E. Ruiz, M. Saiz, J. A. Sainz-Aja, A. I. Cimentada, “Experimental and finite element fatigue assessment of the spring clip of the skl-1 railway fastening system,” Eng. Struct., vol. 188, pp. 553-563, 2019.
- [10] Y. C. Park, C. B. An, M. Kim and H. B. Sim, “Effect of the depth of decarburized layer in skl-15 tension clamp on fatigue strength,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 3841-3950, 2021.
- [11] J. H. Kim, Y. C. Park, M. Kim and H. B. Sim, “A fatigue reliability assessment for rail tension clamps based on field measurement data,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no.2, pp. 624-634, 2022.
- [12] J. Y. Choi, S. H. Kim, S. J. Kim and J. S. Chung, “Failure analysis of tension clamps (skl-15) used in serviced urban railway tracks: numerical analyses and experiments,” Mater., vol. 15, no. 18, 6354-6369, 2022.
- [13] J. G. Cho, J. W. Kim and J. S. Koo, “A study on fatigue strength improvement for tension clamp of railway using work hardening,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Bangkok, Tailand, 2019, pp. 012028.
- [14] Y. C. Park, C. An, H. B. Sim, M. Kim and J. K. Hong, “Failure analysis of fatigue cracking in the tension clamp of a rail fastening system,” Int. J. Steel Struct., vol. 19, pp. 1570-1577, 2019.
- [15] S. Mohammadzadeh, S. Ahadi and H. Keshavarzian, “Assessment of fracture reliability analysis of crack growth in spring clip type vossloh skl-14,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part. O: J. Risk Reliab. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. O: J. Risk Reliab. vol. 228, no.5, pp. 460-468, 2014.
- [16] Demiryolu uygulamaları yol–bağlantı sistemleri için performans özellikleri bölüm 5, TS EN 13481-5+A1, 2017
Abstract
The aim of this research is to experimentally determine the failure of SKL-21 tension clamps, one of the fasteners used in railway lines. The clamps used in the study are a sample of 4 from the same urban metro line. Various measurements were taken from the samples to understand the reasons for the fracture of the clamps. The clamps were first visually inspected and then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microstructure examinations and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed. Additionally, Vickers hardness measurements were taken from the samples. Within the scope of the failure analysis, two different mechanisms are observed in the formation of the fracture. According to the first case, the clamps remained in a lower position than the rail base due to incorrect assembly. This situation causes excessive displacement and results in damage to the clamps as the train passes over the rail. The second case is that, at some fastening points, the clamps across the fractured clamps are not assembled with enough torque, which causes fracture by overloading the clamps.
References
- [1] T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Raylı Sistemler Teknolojisi, Raylar ve Bağlantılar. Ankara, Türkiye: MEB, 2013
- [2] H. Xiao, J. B. Wang and Y. R. Zhang, “The fractures of e-type fastening clips used in the subway: theory and experiment,” Eng. Fail. Analy., vol. 81, pp. 57-68, 2017.
- [3] X. Hong, G. Xiao, W. Haoyu, L. Xing and W. Sixing, “Fatigue damage analysis and life prediction of e-clip in railway fasteners based on abaqus and fe-safe,” Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1687814018767249, 2018.
- [4] A. Hasap, P. Paitekul, N. Noraphaiphipaksa and C. Kanchanomai, “Influence of toe load on the fatigue resistance of elastic rail clips,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F: J. Rail Rapid Transit, vol. 232, no. 4, pp. 1078-1087, 2018.
- [5] Z. Liu, K. S. Tsang, Y. Liu and J. H. L. Pang, “Finite element and experimental study on multiaxial fatigue analysis of rail clip failures,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2390-2401, 2020.
- [6] L. Ling, W. Li, H. Shang, X. Xiao, Z. Wen and X. Jin, “Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of rail corrugation on the behaviour of rail fastenings, ” Veh. Syst. Dyn., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1211-1231, 2014.
- [7] X. Gao, A. Wang, L. Liu, Y. He and L. Ju, “Analysis of failure mechanism of w1-type fastening clip in high speed railway and structure study of damping composite,” Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 118, pp. 104848, 2020.
- [8] S. H. Kim, X. J. Fang, Y. C. Park and H. B. Sim, “Evaluation of structural behavior and fatigue performance of a kr-type rail clip,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 12074, 2021.
- [9] D. Ferreño, J.A. Casado, I. A. Carrascal, S. Diego, E. Ruiz, M. Saiz, J. A. Sainz-Aja, A. I. Cimentada, “Experimental and finite element fatigue assessment of the spring clip of the skl-1 railway fastening system,” Eng. Struct., vol. 188, pp. 553-563, 2019.
- [10] Y. C. Park, C. B. An, M. Kim and H. B. Sim, “Effect of the depth of decarburized layer in skl-15 tension clamp on fatigue strength,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 3841-3950, 2021.
- [11] J. H. Kim, Y. C. Park, M. Kim and H. B. Sim, “A fatigue reliability assessment for rail tension clamps based on field measurement data,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no.2, pp. 624-634, 2022.
- [12] J. Y. Choi, S. H. Kim, S. J. Kim and J. S. Chung, “Failure analysis of tension clamps (skl-15) used in serviced urban railway tracks: numerical analyses and experiments,” Mater., vol. 15, no. 18, 6354-6369, 2022.
- [13] J. G. Cho, J. W. Kim and J. S. Koo, “A study on fatigue strength improvement for tension clamp of railway using work hardening,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Bangkok, Tailand, 2019, pp. 012028.
- [14] Y. C. Park, C. An, H. B. Sim, M. Kim and J. K. Hong, “Failure analysis of fatigue cracking in the tension clamp of a rail fastening system,” Int. J. Steel Struct., vol. 19, pp. 1570-1577, 2019.
- [15] S. Mohammadzadeh, S. Ahadi and H. Keshavarzian, “Assessment of fracture reliability analysis of crack growth in spring clip type vossloh skl-14,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part. O: J. Risk Reliab. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. O: J. Risk Reliab. vol. 228, no.5, pp. 460-468, 2014.
- [16] Demiryolu uygulamaları yol–bağlantı sistemleri için performans özellikleri bölüm 5, TS EN 13481-5+A1, 2017
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Materials Engineering (Other) |
| Journal Section | Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 31, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 6, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Issue: 19 |