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Nokta Direnç Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen Geliştirilmiş Yüksek Mukavemetli Çeliğin Mekanik Özellikleri Üzerinde Elektrod Uç Tipinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 277 - 285, 31.12.2021

Bilge Demir Muhammed Elitaş Hüseyin Karakuş

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, nokta direnç kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilen geliştirilmiş yüksek mukavemetli çeliğin kaynak çekirdek çapı, çekme makaslama dayanımı ve mikrosertlik özellikleri üzerinde farklı elektrot uç tiplerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, özellikle otomotiv sektöründe tercih edilen konik yuvarlak, düz R3, düz R6 ve düz konik elektrot uçlar kullanılarak nokta direnç kaynaklı birleşimler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney numuneleri, kaynak çekirdeği geometrisi makro-mikro incelemesi, mekanik ve metalürjik incelemelere tabi tutulmuştur. Deneysel sonuçlar kaynak çekirdek çap değeri, mikro sertlik sonuçları ve çekme makaslama dayanım değerleri arasında doğrusal bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Düz 3 mm yarıçap uçlu elektrotlar ile en yüksek, düz konik uçlu elektrotlar ile en düşük çekme makaslama dayanım değerleri elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Nokta direnç kaynağı elektrot uç tipi kaynak çekirdek çapı çekme makaslama dayanımı mikrosertlik

Supporting Institution

KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya destek veren Karabük Üniversitesi Rektörlüğüne ve BAP Proje koordinatörlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, Y. Song, and Y. Liu, “Effects of electrode tip morphology on resistance spot welding quality of DP590 dual-phase steel”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 83 (9-12), pp. 1917-1926, 2016.
  • S. Donders, M. Brughmans, L. Hermans, and N. Tzannetakis, “The effect of spot weld failure on dynamic vehicle performance”, Sound and Vibration, vol. 39(4), pp. 16-25, 2005.
  • A. De, “Spot welding”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(3), pp. 213-214, 2008.
  • D. K. Matlock, J. G. Speer, E. De Moor, and P. J. Gibbs, “Recent developments in advanced high strength sheet steels for automotive applications: an overview”, Jestech, vol 15(1), pp. 1-12, 2012.
  • D. K. Matlock and J. G. Speer, “Third generation of AHSS: microstructure design concepts”, in Microstructure and texture in steels, Springer, 2009, pp. 185-205.
  • E. De Moor, P. J. Gibbs, J. G. Speer, D. K. Matlock, and J. G. Schroth, “AIST transactions strategies for third-generation advanced high-strength steel development”, Iron & steel technology, vol. 7(11), pp. 132, 2010.
  • M. Pouranvari, A. Abedi, P. Marashi, and M. Goodarzi, “Effect of expulsion on peak load and energy absorption of low carbon steel resistance spot welds”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,vol. 13(1), pp. 39-43, 2008.
  • S. M. Zuniga, “Predicting overload pull-out failures in resistance spot welded joints.”, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., Stanford, USA, 1995.
  • H. Zhang and J. Senkara, Resistance welding: fundamentals and applications. CRC press, 2011.
  • M. Pouranvari, H. R. Asgari, S. M. Mosavizadch, P. H. Marashi, and M. Goodarzi, “Effect of weld nugget size on overload failure mode of resistance spot welds”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(3), pp. 217-225, 2007.
  • P.-C. Lin, S.-H. Lin, and J. Pan, “Modeling of failure near spot welds in lap-shear specimens based on a plane stress rigid inclusion analysis”, Engineering fracture mechanics, vol. 73(15), pp. 2229-2249, 2006.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, and M. A. Khaleel, “Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions”, Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 15(4), pp. 356-367, 2008.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, and M. A. Khaleel, “Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high-strength steel spot welds”, Welding Journal, vol. 86(1), pp. 18, 2007.
  • J. Nieto, M. P. Guerrero-Mata, R. Colas, and A. Mani, “Experimental investigation on resistance spot welding of galvannealed HSLA steel”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 11(6), pp. 717-722, 2006.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, R. W. Davies, M. Khaleel, and D. J. Spinella, “Effects of fusion zone size on failure modes and static strength of aluminum resistance spot welds”, Welding journal, vol. 83(11), pp. 308, 2004.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Critical sheet thickness for weld nugget growth during resistance spot welding of three-steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 16(2), pp. 162-165, 2011.
  • S. Sam and M. Shome, “Static and fatigue performance of weld bonded dual phase steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 15(3), pp. 242-247, 2010.
  • M. I. Khan, M. L. Kuntz, P. Su, A. Gerlich, T. North, and Y. Zhou, “Resistance and friction stir spot welding of DP600: a comparative study”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(2), pp. 175-182, 2007.
  • O. N. P. O. S. Varjenja, P. U. To, K. V. Naprednega, and F.-M. V. T. Jekla, “Dependence of the fracture mode on the welding variables in the resistance spot welding of ferrite-martensite DP980 advanced high-strength steel”, Materiali in tehnologije, vol. 46(6), pp. 665-671, 2012.
  • A. De, O. P. Gupta, and L. Dorn, “An experimental study of resistance spot welding in 1 mm thick sheet of low carbon steel”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 210(4), pp. 341-347, 1996.
  • G. Mukhopadhyay, S. Bhattacharya, and K. K. Ray, “Strength assessment of spot-welded sheets of interstitial free steels”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209(4), pp. 1995-2007, 2009.
  • K. R. Pedersen, A. Harthøj, K. L. Friis, N. Bay, M. A. Somers, and W. Zhang, “Microstructure and Hardness Distribution of Resistance Welded Advanced High Strength Steels:. In: W. Zhang (Edtr.)”, in 5th International Seminar on Advances in Resistance Welding, 2008, pp. 134-146.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 18(5), pp. 361-403, 2013.
  • Z. Duan, Y. Li, M. Zhang, M. Shi, F. Zhu, and S. Zhang, “Effects of quenching process on mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength steel”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., vol. 27(6), pp. 1024-1028, 2012.
  • N. A. Özbek and E. Saraç, “Effects of Tempering Heat Treatment Temperatures on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels”, Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES), vol. 7(1), pp. 17-25, 2021.
  • H. Yang, X. Lai, Y. Zhang, and G. Chen, “Investigations on the weldability of high-strength steels sheet to cylindrical tube single-sided spot welding”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 49(5-8), pp. 513-518, 2010.
  • M. Eshraghi, M. A. Tschopp, M. A. Zaeem, and S. D. Felicelli, “Effect of resistance spot welding parameters on weld pool properties in a DP600 dual-phase steel: a parametric study using thermomechanically-coupled finite element analysis”, Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 56, pp. 387-397, 2014.
  • S. Frydman and G. Pękalski, “Structure and hardness changes in welded joints of Hardox steels”, Archives of civil and mechanical engineering, vol. 8(4), pp. 15-27, 2008.
  • C. W. Ziemian, M. M. Sharma, and D. E. Whaley, “Effects of flashing and upset sequences on microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of welded structural steel joints”, Materials & Design, vol. 33, pp. 175-184, 2012.
  • R. W. Rathbun, D. K. Matlock, and J. G. Speer, “Fatigue behavior of spot welded high-strength sheet steels”, Welding Journal, vol. 82(8), pp. 207-218, 2003.
  • T. B. Hilditch, J. y Speer, and D. K. Matlock, “Effect of susceptibility to interfacial fracture on fatigue properties of spot-welded high strength sheet steel”, Materials & design, vol. 28(10), pp. 2566-2576, 2007.
  • M. H. Swellam, G. B. Aś, and F. V. Lawrence, “A fatigue design parameter for spot welds”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 17(10), pp. 1197-1204, 1994.
  • X. Long and S. K. Khanna, “Fatigue properties and failure characterization of spot welded high strength steel sheet”, International journal of fatigue, vol. 29(5), pp. 879-886, 2007.
  • Y. S. Yang, K. J. Son, S. K. Cho, S. G. Hong, S. K. Kim, and K. H. Mo, “Effect of residual stress on fatigue strength of resistance spot weldment”, Science and technology of welding and joining, vol. 6(6), pp. 397-401, 2001.
  • J. Xu, Y. S. Zhang, L. Xinmin, and G. L. Chen, “Experimental investigation of fatigue performance of spot welded dual phase sheet steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(8), pp. 726-731, 2008.
  • X. Long and S. K. Khanna, “Fatigue performance of spot welded and weld bonded advanced high strength steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(3), pp. 241-247, 2008.
  • S. Daneshpour, S. Riekehr, M. Kocak, and C. H. J. Gerritsen, “Mechanical and fatigue behaviour of laser and resistance spot welds in advanced high strength steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 14(1), pp. 20-25, 2009.
  • H. Gaul, G. Weber, and M. Rethmeier, “Influence of HAZ cracks on fatigue resistance of resistance spot welded joints made of advanced high strength steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and joining, vol. 16(5), pp. 440-445, 2011.
  • S. Daneshpour, A. H. Kokabi, A. A. Ekrami, and A. K. Motarjemi, “Crack initiation and kinking behaviours of spot welded coach peel specimens under cyclic loading”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(8), pp. 696-702, 2007.
  • P. Wung, T. Walsh, A. Ourchane, W. Stewart, and M. Jie, “Failure of spot welds under in-plane static loading”, Experimental Mechanics, vol. 41(1), pp. 100-106, 2001.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure of resistance spot welds: tensile shear versus coach peel loading conditions”, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, vol. 39(2), pp. 104-111, 2012.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure mode transition in AISI 304 resistance spot welds”, Weld. J, vol. 91(11), pp. 303-309, 2012.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part I. Controlling factors”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528(29-30), pp. 8337-8343, 2011.
  • M. Pouranvari, S. P. H. Marashi, and D. S. Safanama, “Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part II: Experimental investigation and model validation”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528(29-30), pp. 8344-8352, 2011.
  • C. Ma, D. L. Chen, S. D. Bhole, G. Boudreau, A. Lee, and E. Biro, “Microstructure and fracture characteristics of spot-welded DP600 steel”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 485(1-2), pp. 334-346, 2008.
  • M.I. Khan, M.L. Kuntz, E. Biro, and Y. Zhou, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded advanced high strength steels”, Materials Transactions, vol. 49(7), pp. 1629-1637, 2008.
  • H. Zhang, A. Wei, X. Qiu, and J. Chen, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded dissimilar thickness DP780/DP600 dual-phase steel joints”, Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 54, pp. 443-449, 2014.

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 277 - 285, 31.12.2021

Bilge Demir Muhammed Elitaş Hüseyin Karakuş

Abstract

References

  • B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, Y. Song, and Y. Liu, “Effects of electrode tip morphology on resistance spot welding quality of DP590 dual-phase steel”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 83 (9-12), pp. 1917-1926, 2016.
  • S. Donders, M. Brughmans, L. Hermans, and N. Tzannetakis, “The effect of spot weld failure on dynamic vehicle performance”, Sound and Vibration, vol. 39(4), pp. 16-25, 2005.
  • A. De, “Spot welding”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(3), pp. 213-214, 2008.
  • D. K. Matlock, J. G. Speer, E. De Moor, and P. J. Gibbs, “Recent developments in advanced high strength sheet steels for automotive applications: an overview”, Jestech, vol 15(1), pp. 1-12, 2012.
  • D. K. Matlock and J. G. Speer, “Third generation of AHSS: microstructure design concepts”, in Microstructure and texture in steels, Springer, 2009, pp. 185-205.
  • E. De Moor, P. J. Gibbs, J. G. Speer, D. K. Matlock, and J. G. Schroth, “AIST transactions strategies for third-generation advanced high-strength steel development”, Iron & steel technology, vol. 7(11), pp. 132, 2010.
  • M. Pouranvari, A. Abedi, P. Marashi, and M. Goodarzi, “Effect of expulsion on peak load and energy absorption of low carbon steel resistance spot welds”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,vol. 13(1), pp. 39-43, 2008.
  • S. M. Zuniga, “Predicting overload pull-out failures in resistance spot welded joints.”, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., Stanford, USA, 1995.
  • H. Zhang and J. Senkara, Resistance welding: fundamentals and applications. CRC press, 2011.
  • M. Pouranvari, H. R. Asgari, S. M. Mosavizadch, P. H. Marashi, and M. Goodarzi, “Effect of weld nugget size on overload failure mode of resistance spot welds”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(3), pp. 217-225, 2007.
  • P.-C. Lin, S.-H. Lin, and J. Pan, “Modeling of failure near spot welds in lap-shear specimens based on a plane stress rigid inclusion analysis”, Engineering fracture mechanics, vol. 73(15), pp. 2229-2249, 2006.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, and M. A. Khaleel, “Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions”, Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 15(4), pp. 356-367, 2008.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, and M. A. Khaleel, “Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high-strength steel spot welds”, Welding Journal, vol. 86(1), pp. 18, 2007.
  • J. Nieto, M. P. Guerrero-Mata, R. Colas, and A. Mani, “Experimental investigation on resistance spot welding of galvannealed HSLA steel”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 11(6), pp. 717-722, 2006.
  • X. Sun, E. V. Stephens, R. W. Davies, M. Khaleel, and D. J. Spinella, “Effects of fusion zone size on failure modes and static strength of aluminum resistance spot welds”, Welding journal, vol. 83(11), pp. 308, 2004.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Critical sheet thickness for weld nugget growth during resistance spot welding of three-steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 16(2), pp. 162-165, 2011.
  • S. Sam and M. Shome, “Static and fatigue performance of weld bonded dual phase steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 15(3), pp. 242-247, 2010.
  • M. I. Khan, M. L. Kuntz, P. Su, A. Gerlich, T. North, and Y. Zhou, “Resistance and friction stir spot welding of DP600: a comparative study”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(2), pp. 175-182, 2007.
  • O. N. P. O. S. Varjenja, P. U. To, K. V. Naprednega, and F.-M. V. T. Jekla, “Dependence of the fracture mode on the welding variables in the resistance spot welding of ferrite-martensite DP980 advanced high-strength steel”, Materiali in tehnologije, vol. 46(6), pp. 665-671, 2012.
  • A. De, O. P. Gupta, and L. Dorn, “An experimental study of resistance spot welding in 1 mm thick sheet of low carbon steel”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 210(4), pp. 341-347, 1996.
  • G. Mukhopadhyay, S. Bhattacharya, and K. K. Ray, “Strength assessment of spot-welded sheets of interstitial free steels”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209(4), pp. 1995-2007, 2009.
  • K. R. Pedersen, A. Harthøj, K. L. Friis, N. Bay, M. A. Somers, and W. Zhang, “Microstructure and Hardness Distribution of Resistance Welded Advanced High Strength Steels:. In: W. Zhang (Edtr.)”, in 5th International Seminar on Advances in Resistance Welding, 2008, pp. 134-146.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 18(5), pp. 361-403, 2013.
  • Z. Duan, Y. Li, M. Zhang, M. Shi, F. Zhu, and S. Zhang, “Effects of quenching process on mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength steel”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., vol. 27(6), pp. 1024-1028, 2012.
  • N. A. Özbek and E. Saraç, “Effects of Tempering Heat Treatment Temperatures on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels”, Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES), vol. 7(1), pp. 17-25, 2021.
  • H. Yang, X. Lai, Y. Zhang, and G. Chen, “Investigations on the weldability of high-strength steels sheet to cylindrical tube single-sided spot welding”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 49(5-8), pp. 513-518, 2010.
  • M. Eshraghi, M. A. Tschopp, M. A. Zaeem, and S. D. Felicelli, “Effect of resistance spot welding parameters on weld pool properties in a DP600 dual-phase steel: a parametric study using thermomechanically-coupled finite element analysis”, Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 56, pp. 387-397, 2014.
  • S. Frydman and G. Pękalski, “Structure and hardness changes in welded joints of Hardox steels”, Archives of civil and mechanical engineering, vol. 8(4), pp. 15-27, 2008.
  • C. W. Ziemian, M. M. Sharma, and D. E. Whaley, “Effects of flashing and upset sequences on microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of welded structural steel joints”, Materials & Design, vol. 33, pp. 175-184, 2012.
  • R. W. Rathbun, D. K. Matlock, and J. G. Speer, “Fatigue behavior of spot welded high-strength sheet steels”, Welding Journal, vol. 82(8), pp. 207-218, 2003.
  • T. B. Hilditch, J. y Speer, and D. K. Matlock, “Effect of susceptibility to interfacial fracture on fatigue properties of spot-welded high strength sheet steel”, Materials & design, vol. 28(10), pp. 2566-2576, 2007.
  • M. H. Swellam, G. B. Aś, and F. V. Lawrence, “A fatigue design parameter for spot welds”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 17(10), pp. 1197-1204, 1994.
  • X. Long and S. K. Khanna, “Fatigue properties and failure characterization of spot welded high strength steel sheet”, International journal of fatigue, vol. 29(5), pp. 879-886, 2007.
  • Y. S. Yang, K. J. Son, S. K. Cho, S. G. Hong, S. K. Kim, and K. H. Mo, “Effect of residual stress on fatigue strength of resistance spot weldment”, Science and technology of welding and joining, vol. 6(6), pp. 397-401, 2001.
  • J. Xu, Y. S. Zhang, L. Xinmin, and G. L. Chen, “Experimental investigation of fatigue performance of spot welded dual phase sheet steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(8), pp. 726-731, 2008.
  • X. Long and S. K. Khanna, “Fatigue performance of spot welded and weld bonded advanced high strength steel sheets”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13(3), pp. 241-247, 2008.
  • S. Daneshpour, S. Riekehr, M. Kocak, and C. H. J. Gerritsen, “Mechanical and fatigue behaviour of laser and resistance spot welds in advanced high strength steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 14(1), pp. 20-25, 2009.
  • H. Gaul, G. Weber, and M. Rethmeier, “Influence of HAZ cracks on fatigue resistance of resistance spot welded joints made of advanced high strength steels”, Science and Technology of Welding and joining, vol. 16(5), pp. 440-445, 2011.
  • S. Daneshpour, A. H. Kokabi, A. A. Ekrami, and A. K. Motarjemi, “Crack initiation and kinking behaviours of spot welded coach peel specimens under cyclic loading”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 12(8), pp. 696-702, 2007.
  • P. Wung, T. Walsh, A. Ourchane, W. Stewart, and M. Jie, “Failure of spot welds under in-plane static loading”, Experimental Mechanics, vol. 41(1), pp. 100-106, 2001.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure of resistance spot welds: tensile shear versus coach peel loading conditions”, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, vol. 39(2), pp. 104-111, 2012.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure mode transition in AISI 304 resistance spot welds”, Weld. J, vol. 91(11), pp. 303-309, 2012.
  • M. Pouranvari and S. P. H. Marashi, “Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part I. Controlling factors”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528(29-30), pp. 8337-8343, 2011.
  • M. Pouranvari, S. P. H. Marashi, and D. S. Safanama, “Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part II: Experimental investigation and model validation”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528(29-30), pp. 8344-8352, 2011.
  • C. Ma, D. L. Chen, S. D. Bhole, G. Boudreau, A. Lee, and E. Biro, “Microstructure and fracture characteristics of spot-welded DP600 steel”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 485(1-2), pp. 334-346, 2008.
  • M.I. Khan, M.L. Kuntz, E. Biro, and Y. Zhou, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded advanced high strength steels”, Materials Transactions, vol. 49(7), pp. 1629-1637, 2008.
  • H. Zhang, A. Wei, X. Qiu, and J. Chen, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded dissimilar thickness DP780/DP600 dual-phase steel joints”, Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 54, pp. 443-449, 2014.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bilge Demir 0000-0002-3617-9749

Muhammed Elitaş 0000-0001-5358-1783

Hüseyin Karakuş 0000-0002-8446-6275

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date August 9, 2021
Acceptance Date October 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE B. Demir, M. Elitaş, and H. Karakuş, “Nokta Direnç Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen Geliştirilmiş Yüksek Mukavemetli Çeliğin Mekanik Özellikleri Üzerinde Elektrod Uç Tipinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, GJES, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 277–285, 2021.
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