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Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 81, 27.06.2022

Fatih Aktaş

Abstract

References

  • [1] Liu, J., Dumitrescu, C., E. “Flame development analysis in a diesel optical engine converted to spark ignition natural gas operation”, Applied Energy 2018: 230; 1205-1217. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.059
  • [2] Reitz, R. D., Ogawa, H., Payri, R., Fansler, T., Kokjohn, S., Moriyoshi, Y., . . . Zhao, H. “IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine”, International Journal of Engine Research 2019: 21(1); 3-10. doi:10.1177/1468087419877990
  • [3] https://www.coltura.org/world-gasoline-phaseouts
  • [4] Reyes, M., Tinaut, F. V., Giménez, B., Pérez, A. (2015). “Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine”, Fuel 2015: 140; 752-761. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.121
  • [5] Liu, J., Bommisetty, H. K., Dumitrescu, C. E. “Experimental Investigation of a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Operation”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2019: 141(11). doi:10.1115/1.4043749
  • [6] U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Annual Energy Outlook 2016 (AEO 2016); EIA: Washington, D.C., 2016; DOE/EIA-0383
  • [7] BP Magazine 2020. Statistical Review of World Energy. 2020;69th edition.
  • [8] Hora, T. S., Agarwal, A. K. “Experimental study of the composition of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics”, Fuel 2015; 160: 470–478.
  • [9] Aktas F. “Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Mesh Size Effect of the Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2022; 144 (6), 061004. DOI: 10.1115/1.4053717.
  • [10] Aktas F, Karyeyen S. “Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) effects on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine”, Fuel 2022; 317: 123521.
  • [11] Aktas F. “Spark ignition timing effects on a converted diesel engine using natural gas: A Numerical Study”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2022; in press.
  • [12] Aktas F. “A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine”, Int J Automot Sci Technol 2022; 6: 1–8.
  • [13] Aktas F. “Numerical Investigation of Equivalence Ratio Effects on a Converted Diesel Engine Using Natural Gas”, J Energy Resour Technol 2022; 144: 1–14.
  • [14] Liu, J., Dumitrescu, C. E. “Single and double Wiebe function combustion model for a heavy-duty diesel engine retrofitted to natural-gas spark-ignition”, Applied Energy 2019; 248: 95-103. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.098
  • [15] Dumitrescu, C. E., Liu, J. “Improved Thermodynamic Model for Lean Natural Gas Spark Ignition in a Diesel Engine Using a Triple Wiebe Function”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2020; 142(6). doi:10.1115/1.4045534
  • [16] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. “Experimental Investigation of a Natural Gas Lean-Burn Spark Ignition Engine with Bowl-in-Piston Combustion Chamber”, SAE Technical Paper; 2019-01-0559.
  • [17] Liu, J. Dumitrescu, C. "Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics in a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation," SAE Technical Paper; 2019-24-0124, 2019,
  • [18] Rao, A., Wu, Z., Kumar, M., R. “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion, performance and emission of stoichiometric compressed natural gas fueled internal combustion engine along with exhaust gas recirculation at low, half and high load conditions”, Fuel 2021; 304: 121358.
  • [19] Xu, J., Zhang, X., Liu, J. “Experimental study of a single-cylinder engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen mixtures”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010; 35: 2909–2914.
  • [20] Akansu, S., O., Dulger, Z., Kahraman, N. “Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas - Hydrogen mixtures”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2004; 29: 1527–1539.
  • [21] Wang, J., Huang, Z., Fang, Y. “Combustion behaviors of a direct-injection engine operating on various fractions of natural gas-hydrogen blends”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007; 32: 3555–3564.
  • [22] Kahraman, N., Çeper, B., Akansu, S., O. “Investigation of combustion characteristics and emissions in a spark-ignition engine fuelled with natural gas-hydrogen blends”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34: 1026–1034.
  • [23] Aktas F. “Numerical investigation of the effects of the use of propane-diesel as a dual fuel in a diesel engine on the combustion regime, engine performance and emission values”, PhD Thesis, Gazi University, 2021.
  • [24] AVL BOOST Theory Guide version 2018, AVL LIST GmbH, Graz, Austria.
  • [25] AVL BOOST User Guide version 2018, AVL LIST GmbH, Graz, Austria.
  • [26] Noor, M. M., Aziz, H. A., and Wandel, A. P. “Modelling of Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogen Using Conditional Moment Closure Method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2012, 36.
  • [27] Pulkrabek, W. W. “Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine” Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1997.

Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 81, 27.06.2022

Fatih Aktaş

Abstract

With the increase in global warming, the measures taken by the governments regarding the use of internal combustion engines are also increasing. These measures, on the other hand, encourage the use of alternative fuels, both to reduce emissions and to research less use of petroleum-based fuels such as diesel and gasoline. Natural gas is one of the fuels that has been researched and used as an alternative fuel recently. However, the lower lean limit, high coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), relatively lower diffusivity, requirement of high ignition energy and high flme quenching distance properties of natural gas compared to gasoline fuel have a limiting effect. However, these properties can be improved with the addition of a certain amount of hydrogen. In this study, a 3-cylinder diesel tractor engine was converted into a spark-ignition engine using natural gas. Then, by adding hydrogen at low rates between 1% and 5% by mass, its effects on performance, combustion characteristics, and emission values were examined. Despite the high compression ratio of the diesel engine, such as 17.5:1, it was observed that the addition of 5% hydrogen did not cause knocking. In addition, brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) values improved with increasing hydrogen addition as 11.33%, 7.5%, and 0.49% respectively. In addition, in-cylinder temperature and pressure values increased due to increasing lower heating values and flame speed. While total hydrocarbon (THC) emission values decreased, nitrogen oxide (NOX) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission values increased slightly.

Keywords

Natural gas Hydrogen addition Internal combustion engine Performance Emission

References

  • [1] Liu, J., Dumitrescu, C., E. “Flame development analysis in a diesel optical engine converted to spark ignition natural gas operation”, Applied Energy 2018: 230; 1205-1217. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.059
  • [2] Reitz, R. D., Ogawa, H., Payri, R., Fansler, T., Kokjohn, S., Moriyoshi, Y., . . . Zhao, H. “IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine”, International Journal of Engine Research 2019: 21(1); 3-10. doi:10.1177/1468087419877990
  • [3] https://www.coltura.org/world-gasoline-phaseouts
  • [4] Reyes, M., Tinaut, F. V., Giménez, B., Pérez, A. (2015). “Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine”, Fuel 2015: 140; 752-761. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.121
  • [5] Liu, J., Bommisetty, H. K., Dumitrescu, C. E. “Experimental Investigation of a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark-Ignition Operation”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2019: 141(11). doi:10.1115/1.4043749
  • [6] U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Annual Energy Outlook 2016 (AEO 2016); EIA: Washington, D.C., 2016; DOE/EIA-0383
  • [7] BP Magazine 2020. Statistical Review of World Energy. 2020;69th edition.
  • [8] Hora, T. S., Agarwal, A. K. “Experimental study of the composition of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics”, Fuel 2015; 160: 470–478.
  • [9] Aktas F. “Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Mesh Size Effect of the Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2022; 144 (6), 061004. DOI: 10.1115/1.4053717.
  • [10] Aktas F, Karyeyen S. “Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) effects on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine”, Fuel 2022; 317: 123521.
  • [11] Aktas F. “Spark ignition timing effects on a converted diesel engine using natural gas: A Numerical Study”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2022; in press.
  • [12] Aktas F. “A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine”, Int J Automot Sci Technol 2022; 6: 1–8.
  • [13] Aktas F. “Numerical Investigation of Equivalence Ratio Effects on a Converted Diesel Engine Using Natural Gas”, J Energy Resour Technol 2022; 144: 1–14.
  • [14] Liu, J., Dumitrescu, C. E. “Single and double Wiebe function combustion model for a heavy-duty diesel engine retrofitted to natural-gas spark-ignition”, Applied Energy 2019; 248: 95-103. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.098
  • [15] Dumitrescu, C. E., Liu, J. “Improved Thermodynamic Model for Lean Natural Gas Spark Ignition in a Diesel Engine Using a Triple Wiebe Function”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2020; 142(6). doi:10.1115/1.4045534
  • [16] Liu J, Dumitrescu C. “Experimental Investigation of a Natural Gas Lean-Burn Spark Ignition Engine with Bowl-in-Piston Combustion Chamber”, SAE Technical Paper; 2019-01-0559.
  • [17] Liu, J. Dumitrescu, C. "Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics in a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation," SAE Technical Paper; 2019-24-0124, 2019,
  • [18] Rao, A., Wu, Z., Kumar, M., R. “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion, performance and emission of stoichiometric compressed natural gas fueled internal combustion engine along with exhaust gas recirculation at low, half and high load conditions”, Fuel 2021; 304: 121358.
  • [19] Xu, J., Zhang, X., Liu, J. “Experimental study of a single-cylinder engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen mixtures”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010; 35: 2909–2914.
  • [20] Akansu, S., O., Dulger, Z., Kahraman, N. “Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas - Hydrogen mixtures”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2004; 29: 1527–1539.
  • [21] Wang, J., Huang, Z., Fang, Y. “Combustion behaviors of a direct-injection engine operating on various fractions of natural gas-hydrogen blends”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007; 32: 3555–3564.
  • [22] Kahraman, N., Çeper, B., Akansu, S., O. “Investigation of combustion characteristics and emissions in a spark-ignition engine fuelled with natural gas-hydrogen blends”, Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34: 1026–1034.
  • [23] Aktas F. “Numerical investigation of the effects of the use of propane-diesel as a dual fuel in a diesel engine on the combustion regime, engine performance and emission values”, PhD Thesis, Gazi University, 2021.
  • [24] AVL BOOST Theory Guide version 2018, AVL LIST GmbH, Graz, Austria.
  • [25] AVL BOOST User Guide version 2018, AVL LIST GmbH, Graz, Austria.
  • [26] Noor, M. M., Aziz, H. A., and Wandel, A. P. “Modelling of Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogen Using Conditional Moment Closure Method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2012, 36.
  • [27] Pulkrabek, W. W. “Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine” Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1997.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy Systems Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Aktaş 0000-0002-1594-5002

Publication Date June 27, 2022
Submission Date June 12, 2022
Acceptance Date June 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aktaş, F. (2022). Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation. International Journal of Energy Studies, 7(1), 67-81.
AMA Aktaş F. Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation. Int J Energy Studies. June 2022;7(1):67-81.
Chicago Aktaş, Fatih. “Performance and Emission Prediction of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas Powered Engine Using 0/1 Dimensional Thermodynamic Simulation”. International Journal of Energy Studies 7, no. 1 (June 2022): 67-81.
EndNote Aktaş F (June 1, 2022) Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation. International Journal of Energy Studies 7 1 67–81.
IEEE F. Aktaş, “Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation”, Int J Energy Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 67–81, 2022.
ISNAD Aktaş, Fatih. “Performance and Emission Prediction of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas Powered Engine Using 0/1 Dimensional Thermodynamic Simulation”. International Journal of Energy Studies 7/1 (June 2022), 67-81.
JAMA Aktaş F. Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation. Int J Energy Studies. 2022;7:67–81.
MLA Aktaş, Fatih. “Performance and Emission Prediction of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas Powered Engine Using 0/1 Dimensional Thermodynamic Simulation”. International Journal of Energy Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2022, pp. 67-81.
Vancouver Aktaş F. Performance and emission prediction of hydrogen addition to natural gas powered engine using 0/1 dimensional thermodynamic simulation. Int J Energy Studies. 2022;7(1):67-81.