Araştırma Makalesi
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Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 43 - 50, 01.06.2014

Sefai Bilgin Can Ertekin Ahmet Kürklü

Öz

Bu araştırmada, enerji bitkisi olarak dev kamış (Arundo donax) ve sazlık kamış (Phragmites australis) bitkilerinin briketlenmesi ve briketlerin fiziksel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyallerin briketlenmesi için 15 kW gücünde konik kalıplı ve kalıp ısıtmalı konik helezon tip briketleme makinesi kullanılmıştır. Briketlerin fiziksel özellikleri ile ilgili olarak yoğunluk, dayanıklılık direnci, kırılma direnci, su alma direnci, nem içeriği ve eşdeğer nem içeriği değerleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, briketlerin ısıl değerleri, briketleme makinesinin kapasitesi ve özgül enerji tüketimi belirlenmiştir.

Çalışma sonunda ortalama 57 mm çapında ve 25 mm merkez delikli yüzeyi karbonize olmuş silindirik briketler elde edilmiştir. Fiziksel testler sonunda briketlerin yüksek yoğunluk, dayanıklılık direnci, kırılma direnci, su alma direnci ve eşdeğer nem içeriklerinden dolayı oldukça sağlam yapıda oldukları belirlenmiştir. Dev kamış ve sazlık kamış bitkileri briketlerinin yoğunlukları sırası ile ortalama 1150 kg m-3 ve 1017 kg m-3, alt ısıl değerleri 17.99 MJ kg-1 ve 17.84 MJ kg-1 makine kapasitesi 170 kg h-1 ve 110 kg h-1, makinenin özgül enerji tüketimi ise 0.0753 kWh kg-1 ve 0.0841 kWh kg-1 bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyokütle enerjisi Enerji bitkisi Briketleme

Kaynakça

  • Acaroğlu M, Öğüt H, Örnek MN (2002) Biyokütlenin briketlenmesi ve biyokütle briketlerinin fiziksel özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. IV. Ulusal Temiz Enerji Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, s. 819-831.
  • Akman HE, Bilgin S (2012) Pamuk saplarının hidrolik tip preste briketlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma. Tarım Makinaları Bilim Dergisi 8 (1): 99-106.
  • Angelini LG, Ceccarini L, Di Nasso NNO, Bonari E (2009) Comparison of Arundo donax L. and Miscanthus x giganteus in a long-term field experiment in Central Italy: Analysis of productive characteristics and energy balance. Biomass and Bioenergy 33: 635–643.
  • Aqa S, Bhattacharya SC (1992) Densification of preheated sawdust for energy conservation. Energy, 17 (6): 575-578.
  • ASAE S269.4 (2000). Cubes, pellets, and crumbles—definitions and methods for determining density, durability, and moisture content. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).
  • ASTM D 5865–04 (2004) Standard test method for gross calorific value of coal and coke. American Society for Testing and Materials, New York.
  • Bhattacharya SC, Leon M A, Rahman Md.M (2002) A study on improved biomass briquetting. Energy for Sustainable Development 6(2): 106-110.
  • CRA (1987) The la densification de la biomass. Commission des Communuates Europeennes. Centre de Recherches Agronomiques.
  • Eriksson S, Prior M (1990) The Briquetting of Agricultural Wastes for Fuel. FAO Environment and Energy Paper 11, FAO of the UN, Rome.
  • Fengmin L, Mingquan Z (2011) Technological parameters of biomass briquetting of macrophytes in Nansi Lake. Energy Procedia 5: 2449-2454.
  • Granada E, González LML, Míguez, JL, Moran J (2002) Fuel lignocellulosic briquettes, die design and products study. Renewable Energy 27: 561-573.
  • Hidalgo M, Fernández J (2000) Biomass production of ten populations of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under the enviromental conditions of Madrid (Spain). Grass A, Chiaramonti D (eds) 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry, Sevilla, Spain. James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd, London, pp: 1881–1884.
  • Grover PD (1995) Biomass briquetting: Technical and feasibility analysis under biomass densification research project (phase II).Proceeding of the International Workshop on Biomass Briquetting. Edited by P.D. Grower and S.K. Mishra, New Delhi, India, pp.13-23.
  • Grover PD, Mishra SK (1996) Biomass briquetting: Technology and practices. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.
  • Kaliyan N, Morey RV (2010) Densification characteristics of corn cobs. Fuel Processing Technology 91: 559-565.
  • Kering MK, Butler TJ, Biermacher JT, Guretzky JA (2012) Biomass yield and nutrient removal rates of perennial grasses under nitrogen fertilization. Bioenergy Research 5: 61–70.
  • Kürklü A, Bilgin S (2007) Pamuk ve susam saplarının briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Tarım Makinaları Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 151-159.
  • Lewandowski I, Scurlock JMO, Lindvall E, Christou M (2003) The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy 25: 335–361.
  • Lewis M, Jackson M (2002) Nalgrass: A non wood fibre suitable for existing US pulp mills. In: Janick, J. and Whipkey, A. (eds) Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Virginia, pp. 371–376.
  • Li Y, Liu H (2000) High-pressure densification of wood residues to form an upgraded fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy 19: 177-186.
  • Mack RN (2008) Evaluating the credits and debits of a proposed biofuel species: Giant Reed (Arundo donax). Weed Science 56: 883–888.
  • Öztürk HH (2012) Enerji Bitkileri ve Biyoyakıt Üretimi, Hasad Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti., İstanbul,
  • Scragg AH (2009) Biofuels: Production, Application and Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kindom (UK).
  • Shatalov AA, Pereira H (2006) Papermaking fibers from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) by advanced ecologically friendly pulping and bleaching technologies. Bioresources 1: 45–61.
  • Suhagar M, Lope GT, Shahab S (2006) Specific energy requirement for compacting corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 97: 1420-1426.
  • Williams CMJ, Biswas TK, Glatz P, Kumar M (2007) Use of recycled water from intensive primary industries to grow crops within integrated biosystems. Agricultural Science 21: 34–36.
  • Williams CMJ, Biswas TK, Márton L, Czakó M (2013) Arundo donax. Singh BP (ed), Biofuels Crops: Production, Physiology and Genetics. USA/Georgia, pp: 249-270.
  • WORLD BANK (1987) Sawmill Residues Utilization in Ghana. ESMAP Report 074/87.
  • Yumak H, Uçar T, Seyidbekiroglu N (2010) Briquetting soda weed (Salsola tragus) to be used as a rural fuel source. Biomass and Bioenergy 34: 630-636.

A study on briquetting of different reed species as an energy crop

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 43 - 50, 01.06.2014

Sefai Bilgin Can Ertekin Ahmet Kürklü

Öz

This study aimed at briquetting of giant reed (Arundo donax) and common reed (Phragmites australis) as an energy crop and determination of its physical properties. In the experiments, a conical screw type briquetting machine with tapered die and die-heater was used for briquetting of raw materials and its power is 15 kW. Physical properties of briquettes such as briquette density, durability index, shatter index, water resistance, moisture content and equivalent humidity content were determined. In this study, lower heating value of briquettes, capacity and specific energy consumption of briquetting machine were also determined.
During the briquetting process, 57 mm diameter briquettes with a central hole of 25 mm were produced and surface of briquette was partially carbonized due to heating system affecting the surface temperature. The result of physical tests showed that the produced giant and common reed briquettes were quite strong due to high density, tumbler index, shatter index, water resistance and equivalent humidity content. The average densities and the lower heating values of giant and common reed briquettes produced was 1150 kg m-3 and 1017 kg m-3, and 17.99 MJ kg-1 and 17.84 MJ kg-1, respectively. Average briquette production capacity and specific energy consumption of briquetting machine for giant and common reed briquettes were found to be 170 kg h-1 and 110 kg h-1, and 0.0753 kWh kg-1 and 0.0841 kWh kg-1, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomass energy Energy crop Briquetting

Kaynakça

  • Acaroğlu M, Öğüt H, Örnek MN (2002) Biyokütlenin briketlenmesi ve biyokütle briketlerinin fiziksel özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. IV. Ulusal Temiz Enerji Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, s. 819-831.
  • Akman HE, Bilgin S (2012) Pamuk saplarının hidrolik tip preste briketlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma. Tarım Makinaları Bilim Dergisi 8 (1): 99-106.
  • Angelini LG, Ceccarini L, Di Nasso NNO, Bonari E (2009) Comparison of Arundo donax L. and Miscanthus x giganteus in a long-term field experiment in Central Italy: Analysis of productive characteristics and energy balance. Biomass and Bioenergy 33: 635–643.
  • Aqa S, Bhattacharya SC (1992) Densification of preheated sawdust for energy conservation. Energy, 17 (6): 575-578.
  • ASAE S269.4 (2000). Cubes, pellets, and crumbles—definitions and methods for determining density, durability, and moisture content. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).
  • ASTM D 5865–04 (2004) Standard test method for gross calorific value of coal and coke. American Society for Testing and Materials, New York.
  • Bhattacharya SC, Leon M A, Rahman Md.M (2002) A study on improved biomass briquetting. Energy for Sustainable Development 6(2): 106-110.
  • CRA (1987) The la densification de la biomass. Commission des Communuates Europeennes. Centre de Recherches Agronomiques.
  • Eriksson S, Prior M (1990) The Briquetting of Agricultural Wastes for Fuel. FAO Environment and Energy Paper 11, FAO of the UN, Rome.
  • Fengmin L, Mingquan Z (2011) Technological parameters of biomass briquetting of macrophytes in Nansi Lake. Energy Procedia 5: 2449-2454.
  • Granada E, González LML, Míguez, JL, Moran J (2002) Fuel lignocellulosic briquettes, die design and products study. Renewable Energy 27: 561-573.
  • Hidalgo M, Fernández J (2000) Biomass production of ten populations of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under the enviromental conditions of Madrid (Spain). Grass A, Chiaramonti D (eds) 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry, Sevilla, Spain. James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd, London, pp: 1881–1884.
  • Grover PD (1995) Biomass briquetting: Technical and feasibility analysis under biomass densification research project (phase II).Proceeding of the International Workshop on Biomass Briquetting. Edited by P.D. Grower and S.K. Mishra, New Delhi, India, pp.13-23.
  • Grover PD, Mishra SK (1996) Biomass briquetting: Technology and practices. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.
  • Kaliyan N, Morey RV (2010) Densification characteristics of corn cobs. Fuel Processing Technology 91: 559-565.
  • Kering MK, Butler TJ, Biermacher JT, Guretzky JA (2012) Biomass yield and nutrient removal rates of perennial grasses under nitrogen fertilization. Bioenergy Research 5: 61–70.
  • Kürklü A, Bilgin S (2007) Pamuk ve susam saplarının briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Tarım Makinaları Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 151-159.
  • Lewandowski I, Scurlock JMO, Lindvall E, Christou M (2003) The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy 25: 335–361.
  • Lewis M, Jackson M (2002) Nalgrass: A non wood fibre suitable for existing US pulp mills. In: Janick, J. and Whipkey, A. (eds) Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Virginia, pp. 371–376.
  • Li Y, Liu H (2000) High-pressure densification of wood residues to form an upgraded fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy 19: 177-186.
  • Mack RN (2008) Evaluating the credits and debits of a proposed biofuel species: Giant Reed (Arundo donax). Weed Science 56: 883–888.
  • Öztürk HH (2012) Enerji Bitkileri ve Biyoyakıt Üretimi, Hasad Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti., İstanbul,
  • Scragg AH (2009) Biofuels: Production, Application and Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kindom (UK).
  • Shatalov AA, Pereira H (2006) Papermaking fibers from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) by advanced ecologically friendly pulping and bleaching technologies. Bioresources 1: 45–61.
  • Suhagar M, Lope GT, Shahab S (2006) Specific energy requirement for compacting corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 97: 1420-1426.
  • Williams CMJ, Biswas TK, Glatz P, Kumar M (2007) Use of recycled water from intensive primary industries to grow crops within integrated biosystems. Agricultural Science 21: 34–36.
  • Williams CMJ, Biswas TK, Márton L, Czakó M (2013) Arundo donax. Singh BP (ed), Biofuels Crops: Production, Physiology and Genetics. USA/Georgia, pp: 249-270.
  • WORLD BANK (1987) Sawmill Residues Utilization in Ghana. ESMAP Report 074/87.
  • Yumak H, Uçar T, Seyidbekiroglu N (2010) Briquetting soda weed (Salsola tragus) to be used as a rural fuel source. Biomass and Bioenergy 34: 630-636.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sefai Bilgin

Can Ertekin Bu kişi benim

Ahmet Kürklü Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilgin, S., Ertekin, C., & Kürklü, A. (2014). Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 27(1), 43-50.
AMA Bilgin S, Ertekin C, Kürklü A. Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. Haziran 2014;27(1):43-50.
Chicago Bilgin, Sefai, Can Ertekin, ve Ahmet Kürklü. “Enerji Bitkisi Olarak Farklı kamış türlerinin Briketlenmesi üzerine Bir araştırma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 27, sy. 1 (Haziran 2014): 43-50.
EndNote Bilgin S, Ertekin C, Kürklü A (01 Haziran 2014) Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 27 1 43–50.
IEEE S. Bilgin, C. Ertekin, ve A. Kürklü, “Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, c. 27, sy. 1, ss. 43–50, 2014.
ISNAD Bilgin, Sefai vd. “Enerji Bitkisi Olarak Farklı kamış türlerinin Briketlenmesi üzerine Bir araştırma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 27/1 (Haziran 2014), 43-50.
JAMA Bilgin S, Ertekin C, Kürklü A. Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2014;27:43–50.
MLA Bilgin, Sefai vd. “Enerji Bitkisi Olarak Farklı kamış türlerinin Briketlenmesi üzerine Bir araştırma”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, c. 27, sy. 1, 2014, ss. 43-50.
Vancouver Bilgin S, Ertekin C, Kürklü A. Enerji bitkisi olarak farklı kamış türlerinin briketlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2014;27(1):43-50.