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The Relationship Between Aerobic Capacity and Cognitive Performance

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 159 - 169, 13.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.545550

Öz

 Aerobic capacity is the capacity to deliver
oxygen from the outside to the skeletal muscles. The best and most reliable
criterion for aerobic capacity is the maximum oxygen con­sumption (VO
2max), which is measured using a progressive test
protocol. VO
2max can be measured by the indirect and direct methods in submaximal and
maximal exercise tests. Genetics, age, sex, activity level, body mass index,
and exercise mode can be counted as factors affecting VO
2max. All steps in the delivery of oxygen to the muscles
include factors that may have a limiting effect on VO2max, the most effective
of which is the maximal cardiac output. Cognitive performance is the mental
ability to process and evaluate the knowledge acquired through experience or
learning, and involves different cognitive func­tions such as inhibitory
control, processing speed, working memory, cognitive flexibility, visual
spatial processing, problem solving, and learning. Aerobic activity is a
powerful stimulus for improving the mental health and the structural changes in
the brain. This review addresses the relationship between cognitive functions
and aerobic capacity and the level of cognitive performance-increasing exercise

Kaynakça

  • [1] Yıldız SA. Aerobik ve anaerobik kapasitenin anlamı nedir. Solunum Derg 2012;14(1):1-8.[2] Åstrand P-O. Physical activity and fitness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(6):1231S-6S.[3] Bassett DR, Jr., Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):70-84.[4] Thomas A, Dennis A, Bandettini PA, Johansen-Berg H. The effects of aerobic activity on brain structure. Front Psychol. 2012;3:86.[5] Black JE, Isaacs KR, Anderson BJ, Alcantara AA, Greenough WT. Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87(14):5568-72.[6] Hill AV, Long C, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen.—Parts ӏ-ӏӏӏ. Proc R Soc Lond B,. 1924;96(679):438-75.[7] Hill A, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilization of oxygen. QJM. 1923(62):135-71.[8] Mitchell JH, Saltin B. The oxygen transport system and maximal oxygen uptake. J Exerc Physiol; 2003. p. 255-91.[9] Saltin B, Strange S. Maximal oxygen uptake:" old" and" new" arguments for a cardiovascular limitation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24(1):30-7.[10] Howley ET, Bassett DR, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 1995;27(9):1292-301.[11] Duncan GE, Howley ET, Johnson BN. Applicability of VO2max criteria: discontinuous versus continuous protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(2):273-8.[12] Rowland TW. Does peak VO2 reflect VO2max in children?: evidence from supramaximal testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(6):689-93.[13] Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K, Dahl HA, Strømme SB. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise: J Hum Kinet; 2003.[14] Beam WC, Adams GM. Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual: McGraw-Hill; 2011.[15] Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, Whipp BJ. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(7):1249.[16] McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essentials of exercise physiology: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[17] Astrand I. Aerobic capacity in men and women with special reference to age. Acta Physiol Scand. 1960;49(169):1-89.[18] Hermansen L, Saltin B. Oxygen uptake during maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1969;26(1):31-7.[19] Astrand P-O, Bergh U, Kilbom As. A 33-yr follow-up of peak oxygen uptake and related variables of former physical education students. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(6):1844-52.[20] Shvartz E, Reibold R. Aerobic fitness norms for males and females aged 6 to 75 years: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990;61(1):3-11.[21] Armstrong N. Aerobic fitness of children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2006;82(6):406-8.[22] Bruce RA, Kusumi F, Hosmer D. Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease. Am. Heart J 1973;85(4):546-62.[23] Astrand I, Astrand P, Hallbäck I, Kilbom A. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake with age. J Appl Physiol. 1973;35(5):649-54.[24] Davis JA, Storer TW, Caiozzo VJ, Pham PH. Lower reference limit for maximal oxygen uptake in men and women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2002;22(5):332-8.[25] Sven G, Koch B, Ittermann T, Christoph S, Marcus D, Felix SB, et al. Influence of age, sex, body size, smoking, and β blockade on key gas exchange exercise parameters in an adult population. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010;17(4):469-76.[26] Mcardle WD, Katch FI, Pechar GS. Comparison of continuous and discontinuous treadmill and bicycle tests for max VO2. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 1973;5(3):156-60.[27] Davis J, Kasch F. Aerobic and anaerobic differences between maximal running and cycling in middle-aged males. J Sci Med Sport 1975;7:81-4.[28] Medicine ACoS. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.[29] Gürsel G. Egzersiz testleri: klinik tanıdaki yeri ve hasta takibindeki önemi. Solunum Derg. 2000;2:175-93.[30] Dempsey J, Hanson P, Henderson K. Exercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. J Physiol. 1984;355(1):161-75.[31] Cerretelli P, Di Prampero PE. Gas exchange in exercise. Handbook of Physiology The Respiratory System Gas Exchange. 1987:297-339.[32] Ekblom B, Wilson G, Astrand P. Central circulation during exercise after venesection and reinfusion of red blood cells. J Appl Physiol. 1976;40(3):379-83.[33] Honig CR, Connett RJ, Gayeski T. O2 transport and its interaction with metabolism; a systems view of aerobic capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(1):47-53.[34] Saltin B, Henriksson J, Nygaard E, Andersen P, Jansson E. Fiber types and metabolic potentials of skeletal muscles in sedentary man and endurance runners. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301(1):3-29.[35] Wagner P, Hoppeler H, Saltin B. Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake. The Lung: Scientific Foundations. 1997;2:2033-41.[36] Türk Dil Kurumu. Available from: http://www.tdk.gov.tr.[37] Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135-68.[38] Lumos Labs. Available from: https://www.lumosity.com.[39] Kleim JA, Cooper NR, VandenBerg PM. Exercise induces angiogenesis but does not alter movement representations within rat motor cortex. Brain Research. 2002;934(1):1-6.[40] Swain RA, Harris AB, Wiener EC, Dutka MV, Morris HD, Theien BE, et al. Prolonged exercise induces angiogenesis and increases cerebral blood volume in primary motor cortex of the rat. Neuroscience. 2003;117(4):1037-46.[41] Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2006;61(11):1166-70.[42] Bullitt E, Rahman F, Smith J, Kim E, Zeng D, Katz L, et al. The effect of exercise on the cerebral vasculature of healthy aged subjects as visualized by MR angiography. AJNR 2009;30(10):1857-63.[43] Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Scalf P, McAuley E, Cohen NJ, et al. Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(9):3316-21.[44] Heo S. The influence of aerobic fitness on cerebral white matter integrity and cognitive function in older adults: results of a one-year exercise intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 2010.[45] Van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ, Gage FH. Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(23):13427-31.[46] Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, et al. An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(13):5638-43.[47] Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Kim JS, Voss MW, VanPatter M, et al. A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory performance in preadolescent children. Brain Res. 2010;1358:172-83.[48] Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Voss MW, Chaddock L, Hu L, Morris KS, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans. Hippocampus. 2009;19(10):1030-9.[49] Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, et al. Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(7):3017-22.[50] Buck SM, Hillman CH, Castelli DM. The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):166-72.[51] Pontifex MB, Raine LB, Johnson CR, Chaddock L, Voss MW, Cohen NJ, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and the flexible modulation of cognitive control in preadolescent children. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23(6):1332-45.[52] Voss MW, Chaddock L, Kim JS, VanPatter M, Pontifex MB, Raine LB, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with greater efficiency of the network underlying cognitive control in preadolescent children. J Neurosci. 2011;199:166-76.[53] Shay KA, Roth DL. Association between aerobic fitness and visuospatial performance in healthy older adults. Psychol Aging. 1992;7(1):15.[54] Freudenberger P, Petrovic K, Sen A, Töglhofer AM, Fixa A, Hofer E, et al. Fitness and cognition in the elderly The Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. J Neurol 2016;86(5):418-24.[55] Kao S-C, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Raine LB, Westfall DR, Pontifex MB, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with cognitive control strategy in preadolescent children. J MOTOR BEHAV. 2017;49(2):150-62.[56] Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Voss MW, VanPatter M, Pontifex MB, et al. A functional MRI investigation of the association between childhood aerobic fitness and neurocognitive control. Biol Psychol. 2012;89(1):260-8.[57] Westfall DR, Gejl AK, Tarp J, Wedderkopp N, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, et al. Associations between aerobic fitness and cognitive control in adolescents. Front. Psychol. 2018;9.[58] Wengaard E, Kristoffersen M, Harris A, Gundersen H. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:330.[59] Pindus DM, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Khan NA, Raine LB, Sherar LB, et al. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, indices of cognitive control, and academic achievement in preadolescents. J. Pediatr. 2016;173:136-42.[60] Monti JM, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ. Aerobic fitness enhances relational memory in preadolescent children: the FITKids randomized control trial. Hippocampus. 2012;22(9):1876-82.[61] Scudder MR, Lambourne K, Drollette ES, Herrmann S, Washburn R, Donnelly JE, et al. Aerobic capacity and cognitive control in elementary school-age children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(5):1025.[62] Chaddock L, Hillman CH, Buck SM, Cohen NJ. Aerobic fitness and executive control of relational memory in preadolescent children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):344-9.[63] Masley S, Roetzheim R, Gualtieri T. Aerobic exercise enhances cognitive flexibility. J Clin Psychol Med 2009;16(2):186-93.[64] Vidoni ED, Johnson DK, Morris JK, Van Sciver A, Greer CS, Billinger SA, et al. Dose-response of aerobic exercise on cognition: a community-based, pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0131647.

Aerobik Kapasite ve Bilişsel Performans İlişkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 159 - 169, 13.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.545550

Öz

 Aerobik kapasite, dışarıdan alınan
oksijeni iskelet kaslarına iletme kapasitesidir. Aerobik kapasite için en iyi
ve en güvenilir ölçüt, kademeli artan bir test protokolüyle ölçülen mak­simum
oksijen tüketimidir (VO
2maks). VO2maks değeri submaksimal ve maksimal egzersiz testlerinde
indirekt ve direkt yöntemle ölçülebilir. Genetik, yaş, cinsiyet, aktivite seviyesi,
vücut kitle indeksi ve egzersiz modu VO
2maks değerine etki eden faktörler arasında sayıla­bilir.
Oksijenin kaslara iletimindeki tüm basamaklarda VO2maks üzerinde sınırlandırıcı
etki yapabilecek faktörler olup bunların en etkilisi maksimal kalp debisidir.
Bilişsel performans, zihnin deneyim veya öğrenme ile edinilen bilgiyi işleme ve
değerlendirme yeteneği olup inhibitör kontrol, işlem hızı, çalışan bellek, bilişsel
esneklik, görsel–uzamsal işlem, problem çözme ve öğrenme gibi farklı bilişsel
fonksiyonları içerir. Aerobik aktivite, zihinsel sağlığın gelişimi ve serebral
yapısal değişiklikler için güçlü bir uyarıcıdır. Bu derlemede aerobik ka­pasitenin
ve bu kapasiteyi artırıcı egzersiz seviyesinin bilişsel fonksiyonlarla olan ilişkisi
irdelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Yıldız SA. Aerobik ve anaerobik kapasitenin anlamı nedir. Solunum Derg 2012;14(1):1-8.[2] Åstrand P-O. Physical activity and fitness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(6):1231S-6S.[3] Bassett DR, Jr., Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):70-84.[4] Thomas A, Dennis A, Bandettini PA, Johansen-Berg H. The effects of aerobic activity on brain structure. Front Psychol. 2012;3:86.[5] Black JE, Isaacs KR, Anderson BJ, Alcantara AA, Greenough WT. Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87(14):5568-72.[6] Hill AV, Long C, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen.—Parts ӏ-ӏӏӏ. Proc R Soc Lond B,. 1924;96(679):438-75.[7] Hill A, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilization of oxygen. QJM. 1923(62):135-71.[8] Mitchell JH, Saltin B. The oxygen transport system and maximal oxygen uptake. J Exerc Physiol; 2003. p. 255-91.[9] Saltin B, Strange S. Maximal oxygen uptake:" old" and" new" arguments for a cardiovascular limitation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24(1):30-7.[10] Howley ET, Bassett DR, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 1995;27(9):1292-301.[11] Duncan GE, Howley ET, Johnson BN. Applicability of VO2max criteria: discontinuous versus continuous protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(2):273-8.[12] Rowland TW. Does peak VO2 reflect VO2max in children?: evidence from supramaximal testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(6):689-93.[13] Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K, Dahl HA, Strømme SB. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise: J Hum Kinet; 2003.[14] Beam WC, Adams GM. Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual: McGraw-Hill; 2011.[15] Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, Whipp BJ. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(7):1249.[16] McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essentials of exercise physiology: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[17] Astrand I. Aerobic capacity in men and women with special reference to age. Acta Physiol Scand. 1960;49(169):1-89.[18] Hermansen L, Saltin B. Oxygen uptake during maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1969;26(1):31-7.[19] Astrand P-O, Bergh U, Kilbom As. A 33-yr follow-up of peak oxygen uptake and related variables of former physical education students. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(6):1844-52.[20] Shvartz E, Reibold R. Aerobic fitness norms for males and females aged 6 to 75 years: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990;61(1):3-11.[21] Armstrong N. Aerobic fitness of children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2006;82(6):406-8.[22] Bruce RA, Kusumi F, Hosmer D. Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease. Am. Heart J 1973;85(4):546-62.[23] Astrand I, Astrand P, Hallbäck I, Kilbom A. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake with age. J Appl Physiol. 1973;35(5):649-54.[24] Davis JA, Storer TW, Caiozzo VJ, Pham PH. Lower reference limit for maximal oxygen uptake in men and women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2002;22(5):332-8.[25] Sven G, Koch B, Ittermann T, Christoph S, Marcus D, Felix SB, et al. Influence of age, sex, body size, smoking, and β blockade on key gas exchange exercise parameters in an adult population. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010;17(4):469-76.[26] Mcardle WD, Katch FI, Pechar GS. Comparison of continuous and discontinuous treadmill and bicycle tests for max VO2. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 1973;5(3):156-60.[27] Davis J, Kasch F. Aerobic and anaerobic differences between maximal running and cycling in middle-aged males. J Sci Med Sport 1975;7:81-4.[28] Medicine ACoS. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.[29] Gürsel G. Egzersiz testleri: klinik tanıdaki yeri ve hasta takibindeki önemi. Solunum Derg. 2000;2:175-93.[30] Dempsey J, Hanson P, Henderson K. Exercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. J Physiol. 1984;355(1):161-75.[31] Cerretelli P, Di Prampero PE. Gas exchange in exercise. Handbook of Physiology The Respiratory System Gas Exchange. 1987:297-339.[32] Ekblom B, Wilson G, Astrand P. Central circulation during exercise after venesection and reinfusion of red blood cells. J Appl Physiol. 1976;40(3):379-83.[33] Honig CR, Connett RJ, Gayeski T. O2 transport and its interaction with metabolism; a systems view of aerobic capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(1):47-53.[34] Saltin B, Henriksson J, Nygaard E, Andersen P, Jansson E. Fiber types and metabolic potentials of skeletal muscles in sedentary man and endurance runners. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301(1):3-29.[35] Wagner P, Hoppeler H, Saltin B. Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake. The Lung: Scientific Foundations. 1997;2:2033-41.[36] Türk Dil Kurumu. Available from: http://www.tdk.gov.tr.[37] Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135-68.[38] Lumos Labs. Available from: https://www.lumosity.com.[39] Kleim JA, Cooper NR, VandenBerg PM. Exercise induces angiogenesis but does not alter movement representations within rat motor cortex. Brain Research. 2002;934(1):1-6.[40] Swain RA, Harris AB, Wiener EC, Dutka MV, Morris HD, Theien BE, et al. Prolonged exercise induces angiogenesis and increases cerebral blood volume in primary motor cortex of the rat. Neuroscience. 2003;117(4):1037-46.[41] Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2006;61(11):1166-70.[42] Bullitt E, Rahman F, Smith J, Kim E, Zeng D, Katz L, et al. The effect of exercise on the cerebral vasculature of healthy aged subjects as visualized by MR angiography. AJNR 2009;30(10):1857-63.[43] Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Scalf P, McAuley E, Cohen NJ, et al. Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(9):3316-21.[44] Heo S. The influence of aerobic fitness on cerebral white matter integrity and cognitive function in older adults: results of a one-year exercise intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 2010.[45] Van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ, Gage FH. Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(23):13427-31.[46] Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, et al. An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(13):5638-43.[47] Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Kim JS, Voss MW, VanPatter M, et al. A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory performance in preadolescent children. Brain Res. 2010;1358:172-83.[48] Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Voss MW, Chaddock L, Hu L, Morris KS, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans. Hippocampus. 2009;19(10):1030-9.[49] Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, et al. Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(7):3017-22.[50] Buck SM, Hillman CH, Castelli DM. The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):166-72.[51] Pontifex MB, Raine LB, Johnson CR, Chaddock L, Voss MW, Cohen NJ, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and the flexible modulation of cognitive control in preadolescent children. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23(6):1332-45.[52] Voss MW, Chaddock L, Kim JS, VanPatter M, Pontifex MB, Raine LB, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with greater efficiency of the network underlying cognitive control in preadolescent children. J Neurosci. 2011;199:166-76.[53] Shay KA, Roth DL. Association between aerobic fitness and visuospatial performance in healthy older adults. Psychol Aging. 1992;7(1):15.[54] Freudenberger P, Petrovic K, Sen A, Töglhofer AM, Fixa A, Hofer E, et al. Fitness and cognition in the elderly The Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. J Neurol 2016;86(5):418-24.[55] Kao S-C, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Raine LB, Westfall DR, Pontifex MB, et al. Aerobic fitness is associated with cognitive control strategy in preadolescent children. J MOTOR BEHAV. 2017;49(2):150-62.[56] Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Voss MW, VanPatter M, Pontifex MB, et al. A functional MRI investigation of the association between childhood aerobic fitness and neurocognitive control. Biol Psychol. 2012;89(1):260-8.[57] Westfall DR, Gejl AK, Tarp J, Wedderkopp N, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, et al. Associations between aerobic fitness and cognitive control in adolescents. Front. Psychol. 2018;9.[58] Wengaard E, Kristoffersen M, Harris A, Gundersen H. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:330.[59] Pindus DM, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Khan NA, Raine LB, Sherar LB, et al. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, indices of cognitive control, and academic achievement in preadolescents. J. Pediatr. 2016;173:136-42.[60] Monti JM, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ. Aerobic fitness enhances relational memory in preadolescent children: the FITKids randomized control trial. Hippocampus. 2012;22(9):1876-82.[61] Scudder MR, Lambourne K, Drollette ES, Herrmann S, Washburn R, Donnelly JE, et al. Aerobic capacity and cognitive control in elementary school-age children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(5):1025.[62] Chaddock L, Hillman CH, Buck SM, Cohen NJ. Aerobic fitness and executive control of relational memory in preadolescent children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):344-9.[63] Masley S, Roetzheim R, Gualtieri T. Aerobic exercise enhances cognitive flexibility. J Clin Psychol Med 2009;16(2):186-93.[64] Vidoni ED, Johnson DK, Morris JK, Van Sciver A, Greer CS, Billinger SA, et al. Dose-response of aerobic exercise on cognition: a community-based, pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0131647.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm DERLEME
Yazarlar

Seyit Ankaralı 0000-0003-3752-0846

Zeynep Bayramlar 0000-0002-4408-4870

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 26 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Ankaralı S, Bayramlar Z. Aerobik Kapasite ve Bilişsel Performans İlişkisi. Anadolu Klin. 2019;24(2):159-6.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.