Araştırma Makalesi
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The educational skills self-competence scale for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A validity and reliability study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 57 - 64, 30.04.2024

Muhammed Abdulbaki Karaca Hakan Sarı

https://doi.org/10.61534/anatoljhr.1428323

Öz

Aim: This study aims to develop an educational skills self-competence scale for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods: In the current study, the self-competence scale regarding the educational skills of parents having a child identified with Autism Spectrum Disorder was developed, and validity and reliability studies were conducted. The scale development process included generating the scale items, studies on the content, and face validity, conducting a pilot study, item analysis, conducting EFA and CFA, and reliability studies.
Results: The factor loadings of the items included in the scale range from 0.50 to 0.812. The 6-factor structure explains 65.151% of the total variability as a result of the exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be .921 for cognitive skills, .937 for language and communication skills, .854 for social and emotional skills, .874 for problem behaviors, .837 for psychomotor skills, and .837 for self-care skills. It is seen that the overall reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as .962. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the quality and overall structure of the factors calculated, and the extent to which the scale explains self-competence regarding parents’ educational competencies.
Conclusion: Data is a good fit with the model; and the 6-dimensional structure consisting of 40 items was confirmed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the scale could measure the self-competency regarding the educational competencies of parents having children identified with ASD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

autism spectrum disorder parent scale

Kaynakça

  • Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index (PSI) manual (3rd ed.). Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Batu, S. E., Bozkurt, F., & Öncül, N. (2014). Effectiveness of mother delivered simultaneous prompting taught by visual support on teaching chained skills to their children with autism. Education and Science, 39(174), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2014.2367
  • Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., ... Fortunato, C. K. (2011). Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood. Child Development, 82, 1970–1984. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01643.x
  • Blake, J. M., Rubenstein, E., Tsai, P. C., Rahman, H., Rieth, S. R., Ali, H., & Lee, L. C. (2017). Lessons learned while developing, adapting and implementing a pilot parent-mediated behavioural intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in rural Bangladesh. Autism, 21(5), 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316683890
  • Bolat, E. Y., Gürsoy, F., & Strom, R. (2016). Öğretmen olarak anne baba envanteri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Parents as teachers inventory: Validity and reliability study]. Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal, 12(3), 961-970. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282394
  • Booth, T. & Booth, W. (1994) Parenting under pressure: Mothers and fathers with learning difficulties. Buckingham, Open University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2009). Sosyal bilimler için veri analiz kitabı. (10. baskı) [Data analysis book for social sciences. (10th edition)]. Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Cavkaytar, A., Aksoy, V., & Ardıç, A. (2014). Ebeveyn öz yeterlik ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının güncellenmesi [Updating the validity and reliability study of the parent self-efficacy scale]. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 4(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.09903
  • Chaabane, D. B. B., Alber‐Morgan, S. R., & DeBar, R. M. (2009). The effects of parent‐implemented PECS training on improvisation of mands by children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(3), 671-667. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-671
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları]. Ankara: Pegem Academy
  • Dunlap, K. (2019). Family empowerment: One outcome of parental participation in cooperative preschool education. New York: Routledge.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. London: SAGE.
  • Gillett, J. N., & LeBlanc, L. A. (2007). Parent-implemented natural language paradigm to increase language and play in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1(3), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.09.003
  • Guimond, A., Moore, H., Aier, D., Maxon, E.& Diken, I.H. (2005) Parental self-efficacy instrment for children with disabilities (PSICD) (Unpublished scale). Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
  • Higgins, D. J., Bailey, S. R., & Pearce, J. C. (2005). Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 9(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/136236130505140
  • Jones, T. L. & Prinz, R. J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: a review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 341-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.12.004
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
  • Kaiser, A. P., Hancock, T. B., & Nietfeld, J. P. (2000). The effects of parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching on the social communication of children who have autism. Early Education and Development, 11(4), 423-446.
  • Karaca, M. A. (2021). Ebeveyn eğitim programının erken çocukluk dönemindeki otizmli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin eğitsel yeterliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of parent education program's effect on educational competencies of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder in early childhood] (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya.
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Nobel publishing.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2012). Otizm spektrum bozukluğuna genel bakış. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklar ve eğitimleri [Overview of autism spectrum disorder. Children with autism spectrum disorder and their education]. Ankara: Vize publishing, 17-44.
  • Ludlow, A., Skelly, C., & Rohleder, P. (2011). Challenges faced by parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311422955
  • MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological methods, 4(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. & Guarino, A.J. (2006). Applied Multivariate Research. Design and Interpretation. California: Sage Publication inc.
  • Neece, C., & Baker, B. (2008). Predicting maternal parenting stress in middle childhood: The roles of child intellectual status, behaviour problems and social skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), 1114–1128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01071.x
  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysing using SPSS for Windows (3. Press). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.
  • Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C. & Turner, K. M. T. (2003). Theoretical, scientific and clinical foundations of the Triple P - Positive Parenting Program: a population approach to the promotion of parenting competence. Parenting Research and Practice Monograph, 1, 1-21.
  • Sarı, H., Kızılkaya, A. E. & Karaca, M. A. (2018). The difficulties of parents with children who receive home education services and their suggestions. Ankara: National agencies.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Models: tests of significance and descriptive. Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schertz, H. H., & Odom, S. L. (2007). Promoting joint attention in toddlers with autism: A parent-mediated developmental model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(8), 1562-1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0290-z
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları [Psychological test development and adaptation process SPSS and LISREL applications]. Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları [Introduction to structural equation modeling: Basic principles and applications of LISREL]. Ankara: Ekinoks Publishing.
  • Tabachnick, G.B. & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (fourth edition). USA: Allyon and Bacon Press.
  • Tekin-İftar, E. (2008). Parent-delivered community based instruction with simultaneous prompting for teaching community skills to children with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43, 249-265.
  • Travers, B. G., Powell, P. S., Klinger, L. G., & Klinger, M. R. (2013). Motor difficulties in autism spectrum disorder: Linking symptom severity and postural stability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1568-1583
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel araştirmalarin planlanmasi: Araştırma soruları, örneklem seçimi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik [Planning qualitative research: Research questions, sample selection, validity and reliability]. Gazi Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 1-9.

Otizm spektrum bozukluğuna sahip çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin eğitsel becerilerine ilişkin öz-yeterlik ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 57 - 64, 30.04.2024

Muhammed Abdulbaki Karaca Hakan Sarı

https://doi.org/10.61534/anatoljhr.1428323

Öz

Amaç: Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna (OSB) sahip çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin eğitsel becerilerine ilişkin öz-yeterlik ölçeği geliştirmektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu tanısı alan çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin eğitsel yeterliklerine ilişkin öz yeterlilik ölçeği geliştirilmiş, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme süreci; ölçek maddelerinin oluşturulması, içerik ve görünüş geçerliği çalışmaları, pilot çalışma yapılması, madde analizi, AFA ve DFA yapılması ve güvenirlik çalışmalarını içermektedir.
Bulgular: Ölçekte yer alan maddelerin faktör yükleri incelendiğinde faktörlerin .50 ile .812 arasında değerler aldığı görülmektedir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda. 6 faktör toplam değişkenliğin %65.151’ini açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin cronbach alpha güvenirlik katsayıları bilişsel beceriler için .921, dil ve iletişim becerileri için .937, sosyal ve duygusal beceriler için .854, problem davranışlar için .874, psikomotor beceriler için .837, özbakım beceriler için. .837 dir. Ölçeğin toplam güvenirlik katsayısının ise .962 olduğu görülmektedir. Ortaya çıkartılan faktörlerin genel yapısına, kalitesine ve ölçeğin ebeveynlerin eğitsel becerilerine ilişkin öz-yeterliklerini ne derece açıkladığına yönelik bilgiler Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) aracılığıyla anlaşılmıştır.
Sonuç: Modelin veriye uyum sağladığı ve 6 boyutlu 40 maddelik yapının doğrulandığı görülmektedir. Ölçeğin OSB tanılı çocukları olan ebeveynlerin eğitsel becerilerine ilişkin öz-yeterliklerini ölçebildiği anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ebeveyn otizm spektrum bozukluğu ölçek

Etik Beyan

Tezden üretilen yayın olduğu için etik kurul kararı istenmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index (PSI) manual (3rd ed.). Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Batu, S. E., Bozkurt, F., & Öncül, N. (2014). Effectiveness of mother delivered simultaneous prompting taught by visual support on teaching chained skills to their children with autism. Education and Science, 39(174), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2014.2367
  • Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., ... Fortunato, C. K. (2011). Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood. Child Development, 82, 1970–1984. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01643.x
  • Blake, J. M., Rubenstein, E., Tsai, P. C., Rahman, H., Rieth, S. R., Ali, H., & Lee, L. C. (2017). Lessons learned while developing, adapting and implementing a pilot parent-mediated behavioural intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in rural Bangladesh. Autism, 21(5), 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316683890
  • Bolat, E. Y., Gürsoy, F., & Strom, R. (2016). Öğretmen olarak anne baba envanteri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Parents as teachers inventory: Validity and reliability study]. Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal, 12(3), 961-970. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282394
  • Booth, T. & Booth, W. (1994) Parenting under pressure: Mothers and fathers with learning difficulties. Buckingham, Open University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2009). Sosyal bilimler için veri analiz kitabı. (10. baskı) [Data analysis book for social sciences. (10th edition)]. Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Cavkaytar, A., Aksoy, V., & Ardıç, A. (2014). Ebeveyn öz yeterlik ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının güncellenmesi [Updating the validity and reliability study of the parent self-efficacy scale]. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 4(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.09903
  • Chaabane, D. B. B., Alber‐Morgan, S. R., & DeBar, R. M. (2009). The effects of parent‐implemented PECS training on improvisation of mands by children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(3), 671-667. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-671
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları]. Ankara: Pegem Academy
  • Dunlap, K. (2019). Family empowerment: One outcome of parental participation in cooperative preschool education. New York: Routledge.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. London: SAGE.
  • Gillett, J. N., & LeBlanc, L. A. (2007). Parent-implemented natural language paradigm to increase language and play in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1(3), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.09.003
  • Guimond, A., Moore, H., Aier, D., Maxon, E.& Diken, I.H. (2005) Parental self-efficacy instrment for children with disabilities (PSICD) (Unpublished scale). Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
  • Higgins, D. J., Bailey, S. R., & Pearce, J. C. (2005). Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 9(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/136236130505140
  • Jones, T. L. & Prinz, R. J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: a review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 341-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.12.004
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
  • Kaiser, A. P., Hancock, T. B., & Nietfeld, J. P. (2000). The effects of parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching on the social communication of children who have autism. Early Education and Development, 11(4), 423-446.
  • Karaca, M. A. (2021). Ebeveyn eğitim programının erken çocukluk dönemindeki otizmli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin eğitsel yeterliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of parent education program's effect on educational competencies of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder in early childhood] (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya.
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Nobel publishing.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2012). Otizm spektrum bozukluğuna genel bakış. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklar ve eğitimleri [Overview of autism spectrum disorder. Children with autism spectrum disorder and their education]. Ankara: Vize publishing, 17-44.
  • Ludlow, A., Skelly, C., & Rohleder, P. (2011). Challenges faced by parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(5), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311422955
  • MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological methods, 4(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. & Guarino, A.J. (2006). Applied Multivariate Research. Design and Interpretation. California: Sage Publication inc.
  • Neece, C., & Baker, B. (2008). Predicting maternal parenting stress in middle childhood: The roles of child intellectual status, behaviour problems and social skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), 1114–1128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01071.x
  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysing using SPSS for Windows (3. Press). Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.
  • Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C. & Turner, K. M. T. (2003). Theoretical, scientific and clinical foundations of the Triple P - Positive Parenting Program: a population approach to the promotion of parenting competence. Parenting Research and Practice Monograph, 1, 1-21.
  • Sarı, H., Kızılkaya, A. E. & Karaca, M. A. (2018). The difficulties of parents with children who receive home education services and their suggestions. Ankara: National agencies.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Models: tests of significance and descriptive. Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schertz, H. H., & Odom, S. L. (2007). Promoting joint attention in toddlers with autism: A parent-mediated developmental model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(8), 1562-1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0290-z
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları [Psychological test development and adaptation process SPSS and LISREL applications]. Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları [Introduction to structural equation modeling: Basic principles and applications of LISREL]. Ankara: Ekinoks Publishing.
  • Tabachnick, G.B. & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (fourth edition). USA: Allyon and Bacon Press.
  • Tekin-İftar, E. (2008). Parent-delivered community based instruction with simultaneous prompting for teaching community skills to children with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43, 249-265.
  • Travers, B. G., Powell, P. S., Klinger, L. G., & Klinger, M. R. (2013). Motor difficulties in autism spectrum disorder: Linking symptom severity and postural stability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1568-1583
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel araştirmalarin planlanmasi: Araştırma soruları, örneklem seçimi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik [Planning qualitative research: Research questions, sample selection, validity and reliability]. Gazi Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 1-9.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilişsel Gelişim, Öğrenme Psikolojisi, Sosyal Gelişim
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Muhammed Abdulbaki Karaca 0000-0002-4192-6307

Hakan Sarı 0000-0003-4528-8936

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaca, M. A., & Sarı, H. (2024). The educational skills self-competence scale for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A validity and reliability study. Anatolian Journal of Health Research, 5(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.61534/anatoljhr.1428323
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