Araştırma Makalesi
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BANKA ŞUBELERİ İÇİN UYGUN YER SEÇİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK TABU ARAMA YAKLAŞIMI: BİR TÜRK BANKASI UYGULAMASI

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 2 - 22, 12.10.2015

Öz

Teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak banka şubeleri tarafından sunulan hizmetin karşılanabileceği alternatif kanalların kullanımında artış olmasına rağmen, mevcut müşterilerin bankaya sadakatini arttırmak, yeni müşteri elde etmek ve tüm müşterilerle iletişimi sürdürebilmek açısından şubeleşme, bankalar açısından önemini korumaktadır. Şube yerleşimi için belirlenecek yer, çok sayıda faktöre bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, banka şubeleri için en uygun yerleşim yerinin bulunması ile ilgili özgün bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle detaylı yazın araştırması yapılarak ve uzman görüşünden yararlanarak banka şubeleri için en uygun yerlerin belirlenmesini etkileyecek kriterler tespit edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, bankacılık sektöründe deneyim sahibi uzmanların görüşlerinden yararlanarak ve ikili karşılaştırma yönteminin yardımıyla hiyerarşik yapıdaki kriterlerin dört farklı şube tipi için önem seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Önceliklendirilen kriterler, banka şubelerinin yerleşimi için uygulanmak üzere önerilen matematiksel modelde kullanılmıştır. Modelin büyük ölçekli problemler için en iyi çözümünün bulunamaması nedeniyle, Tabu Arama sezgisel yaklaşımı geliştirilmiştir. Son olarak, önerilen yöntem, Türkiye’de hizmet veren büyük bir bankanın İstanbul’daki şube yeri seçim problemi için uygulanmıştır.

Teşekkür

Bu makaleye temel oluşturan doktora tezinin hazırlanma sürecinde desteğini esirgemeyen değerli tez danışmanlarım Prof. Dr. Y. İlker Topçu ile Yrd. Doç. Dr. Özgür Kabak’a; görüşleri sayesinde tezin gelişmesine katkı sağlayan tez izleme komitesi üyelerinden Prof. Dr. Bülent Çatay, Doç. Dr. Dilay Çelebi ve Doç. Dr. Burçin Bozkaya’ya teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Öte yandan, ihtiyaç duyulan verilerin temini konusunda yardımcı olan Doç. Dr. Burçin Bozkaya ve Ali Yeşilçimen’e teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Abbasi, G. Y. 2003. “A Decision Support System for Bank Location Selection,” International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 16, p. 202-210.
  • 2. Alexandris, G., Giannikos, I. 2010. “A New Model for Maximal Coverage Exploiting GIS Capabilities,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 202, p. 328–338.
  • 3. Arabani, A. B., Farahani, R. Z. 2012. “Facility Location Dynamics: An Overview of Classifications and Applications.” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 62, p. 408-420.
  • 4. Arostegui, M. A., Kadipasaoglu, S. N., Khumawala, B. M. 2006. “An Empirical Comparison of Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, and Genetic Algorithms for Facilities Location Problems,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 103 (2), p. 742-754.
  • 5. Başar, A. 2014. Banka Şubeleri İçin Uygun Yer Seçiminin Belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • 6. Başar, A., Çatay, B., Ünlüyurt, T. 2011. “A Multi-Period Double Coverage Approach for Locating the Emergency Medical Service Stations in Istanbul,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62 (4), p. 627-637.
  • 7. Başar, A., Çatay, B., Ünlüyurt, T. 2012. “A Taxonomy for Emergency Service Station Location Problem,” Optimization Letters, vol. 6 (6), p. 1147-1160.
  • 8. Boufounou, P. V. 1995. “Evaluating Bank Branch Location and Performance: A Case Study,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 87, p. 389-402.
  • 9. Camanho, A. S., Dyson, R. G. 2005. “Cost Efficiency Measurement with Price Uncertainty: A DEA Application to Bank Branch Assessments,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 161, p. 432–446.
  • 10. Church, R., ReVelle, C. 1974. “The Maximal Covering Location Problem,” Papers of the Regional Science Association, vol. 32, p. 101-118.
  • 11. Cinar, N., Ahiska, S. S. 2010. “A Decision Support Model for Bank Branch Location Selection,” In YAEM 2010, Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 30 June–2 July, (CD-ROM), Sabancı University, Istanbul.
  • 12. Clawson, C. J. 1974. “Fitting Branch Locations, Performance Standards, and Marketing Strategies to Local Conditions,” Journal of Marketing, vol. 38, p. 8-14.
  • 13. Çatay, B., Başar, A., Ünlüyurt, T. 2008. “İstanbul’da Acil Yardım İstasyonlarının Yerlerinin Planlanması,” Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, s. 19 (4), sayfa 20-35.
  • 14. Çatay, B. 2011. “İstanbul’da İtfaiye İstasyonu Yer Seçiminde Risk Faktörüne Dayalı Bir Çoklu Kapsama Yaklaşımı,” Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, sayı 22 (2), sayfa 33-44.
  • 15. Doyle, P., Fenwick, I., Savage, G. P. 1981. A Model for Evaluating Branch Location and Performance,” Journal of Bank Research, vol. 12, p. 90-95.
  • 16. Glover, F., Laguna, M. 1997. Tabu Search, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA.
  • 17. Hakimi, S. 1964. “Optimum Locations of Switching Centres and the Absolute Centres and Medians of a Graph,” Operations Research, vol. 12, p. 450-459.
  • 18. Huff, D. L. 1966. “A Programmed Solution for Approximating an Optimum Retail Location,” Land Economics, vol. 42 (3), p. 293–303.
  • 19. Kaufman, G., Mote, R. 1994. A Review from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
  • 20. Littlefield, J. E., Burney, J., White, W. V. 1973. Bank Branch Location: A Handbook of Effective Techniques and Practice, Bank Marketing Association, Chicago, USA.
  • 21. Manandhar, R., Tang, J. C. S. 2002. “The Evaluation of Bank Branch Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Framework,” Journal of High Technology Management Research, vol. 13, p. 1–17.
  • 22. Megiddo, N., Zemel, E., Hakimi, S. L. 1983. “The Maximum Coverage Location Problem,” SIAM Journal of Algebraic and Discrete Methods, vol. 4 (2), p. 253–261.
  • 23. Meidan, A. 1983. “Distribution of Bank Services and Branch Location,” International Journal of Pyhsical Distribution and Managerial Management, vol. 13 (3), p. 5-18.
  • 24. Miliotis, P., Dimopoulou, M. ve Giannikos, I. 2002. “A Hierarchial Location Model for Locating Bank Branches in a Competitive Environment,” International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 9, p. 549-565.
  • 25. Min, H. 1989. “A Model Based Decision Support System for Locating Banks,” Information and Management, vol. 17, p. 207-215.
  • 26. Min, H., Melachrinoudis, E. 2001. “The Three-Hierarchical Location-Allocation of Banking Facilities with Risk and Uncertainty,” International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 8, p. 381-401.
  • 27. Morrison, P. S., O’Brien, R. 2001. “Bank Branch Closures in New Zealand: The Application of a Spacial Interaction Model,” Applied Geography, vol. 21, p. 301-330.
  • 28. Olsen, L. M., Lord, J. D. 1979. “Market Area Characteristics and Branch Bank Performance,” Journal of Bank Research Summer, vol. 10, p. 102-110.
  • 29. Pastor, J. T. 1994. “Bicriterion Programs and Managerial Location Decisions: Application to the Banking Sector,” Journal of Operational Research Society, vol. 45 (12), p. 1351–62.
  • 30. Portela, M. C. A. S., Thanassoulis, E. 2007. “Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Portuguese Bank Branches,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 177, p. 1275-88.
  • 31. Rahgan, S. H., Mirzazadeh, A. 2012. “A New Method in the Location Problem Using Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning,” Engineering and Technology, vol. 4 (22), p. 4636-4645
  • 32. Soenen, L. A. 1974. “Locating Bank Branches,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 3, p. 221-228.
  • 33. Owen, S. H., Daskin, M. S. 1998. “Strategic Facility Location: A Review,” European Journal of Operation Research, vol. 111, p. 423–447.
  • 34. Ravallion, M., Wodon, Q. 2000. Banking on the Poor? Branch Location and Nonfarm Rural Development in Bangladesh,” Review of Development Economics, vol. 4, p. 121-139.
  • 35. Saaty, T. L. 1990. “How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 48, p. 9–26.
  • 36. Tam, M. C. Y., Tummala, V. M. R. 2001. “An Application of the AHP in Vendor Selection of a Telecommunications System,” The International Journal of Management Science, vol. 29 (2), p. 171–182.
  • 37. Xia, L., Yin, W., Dong, J., Wu, T., Xie, M., Zhao, Y. 2010. “Hybrid Nested Partitions Algorithm for Banking Facility Location Problems,” IEEE Transaction on Automation, Science and Engineering, vol. 7 (3), p. 654–658.
  • 38. Wang, Q., Batta, R., Bhadury, J., Rump, C. M. 2003. “Budget Constrained Location Problem with Opening and Closing of Facilities,” Computers and Operations Research, vol. 30, p. 2047–2069.
  • 39. Yang, J., Lee, H. 1997. “An AHP Decision Model for Facility Location Selection,” Facilities, vol. 15 (10), p. 241–254.
  • 40. Youssef, H., Sait, S. M., Adiche, H. 2001. “Evolutionary Algorithms, Simulated Annealing and Tabu Search: A Comparative Study,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, p. 167–181.
  • 41. Zhang, L., Rushton, G. 2008. “Optimizing the Size and Locations of Facilities in Competitive Multi-Site Service Systems,” Computers and Operations Research, vol. 35, p. 327-338.
  • 42. Zhao, L., Garner, B., Parolin, B. 2004. “Branch Bank Closures in Sydney: A Geographical Perspective and Analysis,” Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geoformatics, 7-9 June, Sweden, p. 541-548.
  • 43. TBA. 2014. “Banka ve Sektör Bilgileri,” http://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/banka-bilgileri/subeler/65, son erişim tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • 44. Retail Banker International. 2014. “US Branch Numbers Fall for Fourth Year Running,” https://dscqm8cqg6d5o.cloudfront.net/uploads/articles/pdfs/mnetisgnefhmblsrdclkablzye_rbioct13issue694usbranches.pdf, son erişim tarihi: 23.06.2014.

TABU SEARCH APPROACH FOR LOCATING BANK BRANCHES: AN APPLICATION FOR A TURKISH BANK

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 2 - 22, 12.10.2015

Öz

Although technology has improved and distribution channels have become alternative opportunities for reaching bank services, the branch offices are still important for the banks to gain new customers and keep in touch with them. Growth in population and urbanization in Turkey forces the banks to increase the number of their branch offices in service to reach new customers. Finding the best location for bank branches depends on a number of distinct measures. This paper presents a methodology to find the best location of bank branches. For this aim, firstly, a number of criteria are selected by the help of a detailed literature review and expert judgments. Subsequently priorities of these criteria for four different types of bank branches are identified based on expert judgments using pairwise comparisons. The priorities are used in a new mathematical model developed to decide the best branch locations of bank branches. Since optimal solution cannot be easily found for big regions, a Tabu Search heuristic approach is developed. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied for a large Turkish national bank’s branch location problem in Istanbul.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Abbasi, G. Y. 2003. “A Decision Support System for Bank Location Selection,” International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 16, p. 202-210.
  • 2. Alexandris, G., Giannikos, I. 2010. “A New Model for Maximal Coverage Exploiting GIS Capabilities,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 202, p. 328–338.
  • 3. Arabani, A. B., Farahani, R. Z. 2012. “Facility Location Dynamics: An Overview of Classifications and Applications.” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 62, p. 408-420.
  • 4. Arostegui, M. A., Kadipasaoglu, S. N., Khumawala, B. M. 2006. “An Empirical Comparison of Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, and Genetic Algorithms for Facilities Location Problems,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 103 (2), p. 742-754.
  • 5. Başar, A. 2014. Banka Şubeleri İçin Uygun Yer Seçiminin Belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • 6. Başar, A., Çatay, B., Ünlüyurt, T. 2011. “A Multi-Period Double Coverage Approach for Locating the Emergency Medical Service Stations in Istanbul,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62 (4), p. 627-637.
  • 7. Başar, A., Çatay, B., Ünlüyurt, T. 2012. “A Taxonomy for Emergency Service Station Location Problem,” Optimization Letters, vol. 6 (6), p. 1147-1160.
  • 8. Boufounou, P. V. 1995. “Evaluating Bank Branch Location and Performance: A Case Study,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 87, p. 389-402.
  • 9. Camanho, A. S., Dyson, R. G. 2005. “Cost Efficiency Measurement with Price Uncertainty: A DEA Application to Bank Branch Assessments,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 161, p. 432–446.
  • 10. Church, R., ReVelle, C. 1974. “The Maximal Covering Location Problem,” Papers of the Regional Science Association, vol. 32, p. 101-118.
  • 11. Cinar, N., Ahiska, S. S. 2010. “A Decision Support Model for Bank Branch Location Selection,” In YAEM 2010, Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 30 June–2 July, (CD-ROM), Sabancı University, Istanbul.
  • 12. Clawson, C. J. 1974. “Fitting Branch Locations, Performance Standards, and Marketing Strategies to Local Conditions,” Journal of Marketing, vol. 38, p. 8-14.
  • 13. Çatay, B., Başar, A., Ünlüyurt, T. 2008. “İstanbul’da Acil Yardım İstasyonlarının Yerlerinin Planlanması,” Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, s. 19 (4), sayfa 20-35.
  • 14. Çatay, B. 2011. “İstanbul’da İtfaiye İstasyonu Yer Seçiminde Risk Faktörüne Dayalı Bir Çoklu Kapsama Yaklaşımı,” Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, sayı 22 (2), sayfa 33-44.
  • 15. Doyle, P., Fenwick, I., Savage, G. P. 1981. A Model for Evaluating Branch Location and Performance,” Journal of Bank Research, vol. 12, p. 90-95.
  • 16. Glover, F., Laguna, M. 1997. Tabu Search, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA.
  • 17. Hakimi, S. 1964. “Optimum Locations of Switching Centres and the Absolute Centres and Medians of a Graph,” Operations Research, vol. 12, p. 450-459.
  • 18. Huff, D. L. 1966. “A Programmed Solution for Approximating an Optimum Retail Location,” Land Economics, vol. 42 (3), p. 293–303.
  • 19. Kaufman, G., Mote, R. 1994. A Review from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
  • 20. Littlefield, J. E., Burney, J., White, W. V. 1973. Bank Branch Location: A Handbook of Effective Techniques and Practice, Bank Marketing Association, Chicago, USA.
  • 21. Manandhar, R., Tang, J. C. S. 2002. “The Evaluation of Bank Branch Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Framework,” Journal of High Technology Management Research, vol. 13, p. 1–17.
  • 22. Megiddo, N., Zemel, E., Hakimi, S. L. 1983. “The Maximum Coverage Location Problem,” SIAM Journal of Algebraic and Discrete Methods, vol. 4 (2), p. 253–261.
  • 23. Meidan, A. 1983. “Distribution of Bank Services and Branch Location,” International Journal of Pyhsical Distribution and Managerial Management, vol. 13 (3), p. 5-18.
  • 24. Miliotis, P., Dimopoulou, M. ve Giannikos, I. 2002. “A Hierarchial Location Model for Locating Bank Branches in a Competitive Environment,” International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 9, p. 549-565.
  • 25. Min, H. 1989. “A Model Based Decision Support System for Locating Banks,” Information and Management, vol. 17, p. 207-215.
  • 26. Min, H., Melachrinoudis, E. 2001. “The Three-Hierarchical Location-Allocation of Banking Facilities with Risk and Uncertainty,” International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 8, p. 381-401.
  • 27. Morrison, P. S., O’Brien, R. 2001. “Bank Branch Closures in New Zealand: The Application of a Spacial Interaction Model,” Applied Geography, vol. 21, p. 301-330.
  • 28. Olsen, L. M., Lord, J. D. 1979. “Market Area Characteristics and Branch Bank Performance,” Journal of Bank Research Summer, vol. 10, p. 102-110.
  • 29. Pastor, J. T. 1994. “Bicriterion Programs and Managerial Location Decisions: Application to the Banking Sector,” Journal of Operational Research Society, vol. 45 (12), p. 1351–62.
  • 30. Portela, M. C. A. S., Thanassoulis, E. 2007. “Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Portuguese Bank Branches,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 177, p. 1275-88.
  • 31. Rahgan, S. H., Mirzazadeh, A. 2012. “A New Method in the Location Problem Using Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning,” Engineering and Technology, vol. 4 (22), p. 4636-4645
  • 32. Soenen, L. A. 1974. “Locating Bank Branches,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 3, p. 221-228.
  • 33. Owen, S. H., Daskin, M. S. 1998. “Strategic Facility Location: A Review,” European Journal of Operation Research, vol. 111, p. 423–447.
  • 34. Ravallion, M., Wodon, Q. 2000. Banking on the Poor? Branch Location and Nonfarm Rural Development in Bangladesh,” Review of Development Economics, vol. 4, p. 121-139.
  • 35. Saaty, T. L. 1990. “How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 48, p. 9–26.
  • 36. Tam, M. C. Y., Tummala, V. M. R. 2001. “An Application of the AHP in Vendor Selection of a Telecommunications System,” The International Journal of Management Science, vol. 29 (2), p. 171–182.
  • 37. Xia, L., Yin, W., Dong, J., Wu, T., Xie, M., Zhao, Y. 2010. “Hybrid Nested Partitions Algorithm for Banking Facility Location Problems,” IEEE Transaction on Automation, Science and Engineering, vol. 7 (3), p. 654–658.
  • 38. Wang, Q., Batta, R., Bhadury, J., Rump, C. M. 2003. “Budget Constrained Location Problem with Opening and Closing of Facilities,” Computers and Operations Research, vol. 30, p. 2047–2069.
  • 39. Yang, J., Lee, H. 1997. “An AHP Decision Model for Facility Location Selection,” Facilities, vol. 15 (10), p. 241–254.
  • 40. Youssef, H., Sait, S. M., Adiche, H. 2001. “Evolutionary Algorithms, Simulated Annealing and Tabu Search: A Comparative Study,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, p. 167–181.
  • 41. Zhang, L., Rushton, G. 2008. “Optimizing the Size and Locations of Facilities in Competitive Multi-Site Service Systems,” Computers and Operations Research, vol. 35, p. 327-338.
  • 42. Zhao, L., Garner, B., Parolin, B. 2004. “Branch Bank Closures in Sydney: A Geographical Perspective and Analysis,” Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geoformatics, 7-9 June, Sweden, p. 541-548.
  • 43. TBA. 2014. “Banka ve Sektör Bilgileri,” http://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/banka-bilgileri/subeler/65, son erişim tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • 44. Retail Banker International. 2014. “US Branch Numbers Fall for Fourth Year Running,” https://dscqm8cqg6d5o.cloudfront.net/uploads/articles/pdfs/mnetisgnefhmblsrdclkablzye_rbioct13issue694usbranches.pdf, son erişim tarihi: 23.06.2014.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayfer Başar

Özgür Kabak

Y. İlker Topçu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ekim 2015
Kabul Tarihi 22 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Başar, A., Kabak, Ö., & Topçu, Y. İ. (2015). BANKA ŞUBELERİ İÇİN UYGUN YER SEÇİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK TABU ARAMA YAKLAŞIMI: BİR TÜRK BANKASI UYGULAMASI. Endüstri Mühendisliği, 26(3), 2-22.

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