Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2017,
, 666 - 676, 27.12.2017
Öz
Kaynakça
- Ashfaq, M. (1998). The study to evaluate the availability and utilization of teaching aids at secondary school level. (Unpublished) M.Ed. thesis, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi: pp. 68-69 Aslam, M. D. and A. Shair. (2004). Pakistan studies and its Teaching. Lahore: Every light press, p.138 Bahlol, G. (1998). A study to examine the difficulties of teachers in teaching English toclasses IX and X. (Unpublished) M.Ed. thesis, University Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi: p.84 Bibi, A. (1995). Effect of English language games on the academic achievement of the secondary school students in N.W.F.P. Pakistan. (Unpublished) M. Phil thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. pp.118 Brookes, N. (1964). Language and Language Learning. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., p.1 Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and Problems of Knowledge. London: Cambridge Mass MIT Press, p.39 DOV, L.A. (1986). Teacher sand Teacher Education in Developing Countries. London: Croom Helm Ltd, p.67 Fincchiaro, M. and A.C. Brumfit. (1983). The Functional National Approach from Theory to Practice. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 7-91 French, F.G. (2000). Teaching English s international Language. London: Oxford University Press, p.12 Fries, L. (1998). English as global language and skills. London UK: Longmans Green and Co Ltd., pp. 67-78 Government of Pakistan. (1947). Proceedings of the All Pakistan Education Conference, Karachi: Education Division, Ministry of Interior. p.11 Government of Pakistan (1959). Report of the Commission on National Education.Karachi: Ministry of Education. Government of Pakistan. (1979). National Education Policy and Implementation Programme of Government of Pakistan Ministry of Education Islamabad. Curriculum Development in Pakistan. 1986. Islamabad: AEPAM, pp. 3-17 Government of Pakistan. (1998). National Education Policy 1998-2010. Ministry of Education Islamabad. pp. 37-43, 55 Greancy, N. and P. Hasan. (1998). Public Examination in Pakistan. In: Perves Hoodbhoy (ed.), Education and the State: Fifty Years of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, Karachi. pp. 146-147 Haq, M.I. (1995). Developing Writing Skills in the Learning 9thand 10thLevels ofUrdu Medium. (Term Paper) M.A. TEFL, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.42 Harris, D.P. (1969). Testing English as second language. New. York: McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc, pp.9, 68-69 Henia, N.D. (2006). Teaching Forum 2006. USA Washington:Vol.44, p.5 Huckleberry, A.W. and E.S. Strother. (1966). Speech Education for the Elementary Teacher. Boston: Allyn and Bacan, Inc, p.20, 240 Ishtiaq, H (2005). An experimental study of Teaching English through Direct and Traditional Methods. P-18 (Unpublished ) PhD Thesis University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi Pakistan James, A. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press. pp. 9-32 John. H and R Waseem, (1987). Grammar Course TEFL Code No. 552, Block 2, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.65 Kayani, M. (2002). A comparative Study of Secondary and GCE O level Science Education Program in Pakistan. (Unpublished) Ph.D Thesis, University ofArid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Khan, S.A. (2000). Evaluation of the Performance of Secondary School Teachers in the Subject of English in Rawalpindi Division. (Unpublished M.Phil thesis AridAgriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan). Lado, R. (2005). Language Teaching. New York:McGraw-Hill book Inc, pp. 174-175 Larson, F.D. (1986). Techniques and principles in Language Teaching. London: Oxford University Press, p. 18, 86, 123 Malik F.J. (1996). The teaching of English in Pakistan, A Study in Teacher Education. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd. pp.12-14 Mansoor, S. (1993). Punjabi, Urdu, English in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt., Ltd., p. 8, 159 Maqsood, A. (2004). Teaching of Spelling to Secondary Students of Government Schools (Urdu Medium). (Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Moeen, A. (1992). English Language Teaching in Pakistan. Islamabad: National Book Foundation, p. 221 Naeem M. I. (2002). Problems of Teaching English in the Primary Schools ofSargodha Division and devising future strategies (un-published) M. PhilEducation Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Naseem, N. (2007). Analysis of Errors made by students at matric level.(Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Naeemullah, M. (2007). Comparative study of curricula, teaching methodology and examination system of GCE (A-level) and F.Sc level in Basic Sciences.(Unpublished) Ph.D Thesis University of Arid Agricultural Rawalpindi Pakistan). Nangia, S.B. (1993). Excellence of Teaching, a Model Approach. New Delhi: shish publishing, Punjabi Bagh, p.16 Nazir J. (2000). Teaching of English as a Second Language. Lahore Pakistan: The Caravans Book House Kactchery Bazar, pp.23-45, 56,67,78 Neilsen, K. (2003). Evaluation and Grading. Sydney. Australia: Aldine Publisher Company, p.64 Nunand, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. Mc Graw Hill. Rehman, T. (2003). Language Education and Culture. Oxford University Press. 2003 p.98, 89, 65 Richards, J. (1991). The Context of Language Teaching. London: Cambridge University Press, p.4,82 Richards, J. C. and S. Rodgers. (1986). Approaches and Methods in Language. Teaching. London: Cambridge University press, p.66 Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching Foreign Language Skills. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, p.46 Safura, F. (2006). Motivation for Learning English Language at Secondary Level.(Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Scott, F.S., Bowley, C.S. Brocket, J.G. Brown and P.R. Doddered. (1978). English Grammar, A. Linguistic Study of its classes and structures. London: Longman Group Ltd. p. 21 Shams, B. (2003). The language Skills. Course Code 553 TEFL Publishing AIOU Islamabad Pakistan pp. 54-60 Shirani, M. R. (1995). Utility of direct method for the development of language teaching. (Unpublished) M.A. TEFL, thesis, AIOU, Islamabad: p.24 Stockwell and Minkova D, (2001). English Words , UK :University Press UK. Tang, J. (2002). Helping student develop coherence in writing. Teaching Forum 2002. USA Washington: Vol. 40,p.41 The British Council. (1999). GCE Examination in Pakistan. The British Council Islamabad, pp. 1-7 The British Council. (2002). International Guide to Qualifications in Education. The British Council, Pakistan. p.59 Umbreen. (2008). A study on social acceptability of “O” and “A” level of education system and its implications in Pakistan. (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Arid Agricultural Rawalpindi Pakistan). Valdmain, A(ed) (2004). Studies in the second language acquisition. vol-26 No. 3 Cambridge University Press. Waheed, A. (2005) .A Comparative Study of English Language writing courses meant for teaching writing skills at metric and O levels. (Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Wilkins, D.A. (1978). Linguistic on Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. p. 14, 67 Zehra, A. (1997). English language teaching at middle level in government schools of Punjab. (Unpublished) M.A. TEFL thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.87
Yıl 2017,
, 666 - 676, 27.12.2017
Öz
The
present research focuses on comparative study of the Secondary School
Certificate (SSC) and the General Certificate of Education-Ordinary level
(GCE-O level) English language course to trace out the problems and
shortcomings of the curriculum objectives and teaching methods. The objectives
of the study were to analyze the objectives of teaching English of SSC and GCE
O-level to critically review the teaching methodologies of both the courses.
The population of the study comprised of all the teachers and the students of
SSC and GCE-O level of Bahawalpur region. The sample included the teachers and
the students of 10th class & GCE (O level) only. A test was
designed about Essay writing, Story writing & Comprehension skills. An
observation sheet was also designed with the four-points rating scale for the
teachers and the students as well. The researchers concluded that the teachers
teaching O-level students followed student-centered and language-centered approaches which catered the interests and needs of the
students. They ensured participation of the students in the learning process
whereas in SSC, the teachers used to follow teacher-centered approach. The
Grammar Translation Methods (GTM) was used to teach English language at SSC
level students while the Direct and Activity-based methods were used to teach
O-level students. The main recommendations were that the SSC curriculum needs
to be revised and modified according to the students’ needs. The English
language teachers at SSC level may also motivate the students to use authentic
materials, pair work and group work in the classroom. The public schools may be
equipped with libraries, language labs and audio-visual materials such as tape
recorder, video-player, overhead projector, multi-media and such facilities may
be properly used for improving the teaching learning process.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Evaluating effectiveness teaching methods motivate learning process
Kaynakça
- Ashfaq, M. (1998). The study to evaluate the availability and utilization of teaching aids at secondary school level. (Unpublished) M.Ed. thesis, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi: pp. 68-69 Aslam, M. D. and A. Shair. (2004). Pakistan studies and its Teaching. Lahore: Every light press, p.138 Bahlol, G. (1998). A study to examine the difficulties of teachers in teaching English toclasses IX and X. (Unpublished) M.Ed. thesis, University Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi: p.84 Bibi, A. (1995). Effect of English language games on the academic achievement of the secondary school students in N.W.F.P. Pakistan. (Unpublished) M. Phil thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. pp.118 Brookes, N. (1964). Language and Language Learning. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., p.1 Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and Problems of Knowledge. London: Cambridge Mass MIT Press, p.39 DOV, L.A. (1986). Teacher sand Teacher Education in Developing Countries. London: Croom Helm Ltd, p.67 Fincchiaro, M. and A.C. Brumfit. (1983). The Functional National Approach from Theory to Practice. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 7-91 French, F.G. (2000). Teaching English s international Language. London: Oxford University Press, p.12 Fries, L. (1998). English as global language and skills. London UK: Longmans Green and Co Ltd., pp. 67-78 Government of Pakistan. (1947). Proceedings of the All Pakistan Education Conference, Karachi: Education Division, Ministry of Interior. p.11 Government of Pakistan (1959). Report of the Commission on National Education.Karachi: Ministry of Education. Government of Pakistan. (1979). National Education Policy and Implementation Programme of Government of Pakistan Ministry of Education Islamabad. Curriculum Development in Pakistan. 1986. Islamabad: AEPAM, pp. 3-17 Government of Pakistan. (1998). National Education Policy 1998-2010. Ministry of Education Islamabad. pp. 37-43, 55 Greancy, N. and P. Hasan. (1998). Public Examination in Pakistan. In: Perves Hoodbhoy (ed.), Education and the State: Fifty Years of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, Karachi. pp. 146-147 Haq, M.I. (1995). Developing Writing Skills in the Learning 9thand 10thLevels ofUrdu Medium. (Term Paper) M.A. TEFL, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.42 Harris, D.P. (1969). Testing English as second language. New. York: McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc, pp.9, 68-69 Henia, N.D. (2006). Teaching Forum 2006. USA Washington:Vol.44, p.5 Huckleberry, A.W. and E.S. Strother. (1966). Speech Education for the Elementary Teacher. Boston: Allyn and Bacan, Inc, p.20, 240 Ishtiaq, H (2005). An experimental study of Teaching English through Direct and Traditional Methods. P-18 (Unpublished ) PhD Thesis University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi Pakistan James, A. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press. pp. 9-32 John. H and R Waseem, (1987). Grammar Course TEFL Code No. 552, Block 2, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.65 Kayani, M. (2002). A comparative Study of Secondary and GCE O level Science Education Program in Pakistan. (Unpublished) Ph.D Thesis, University ofArid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Khan, S.A. (2000). Evaluation of the Performance of Secondary School Teachers in the Subject of English in Rawalpindi Division. (Unpublished M.Phil thesis AridAgriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan). Lado, R. (2005). Language Teaching. New York:McGraw-Hill book Inc, pp. 174-175 Larson, F.D. (1986). Techniques and principles in Language Teaching. London: Oxford University Press, p. 18, 86, 123 Malik F.J. (1996). The teaching of English in Pakistan, A Study in Teacher Education. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt. Ltd. pp.12-14 Mansoor, S. (1993). Punjabi, Urdu, English in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Book Pvt., Ltd., p. 8, 159 Maqsood, A. (2004). Teaching of Spelling to Secondary Students of Government Schools (Urdu Medium). (Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Moeen, A. (1992). English Language Teaching in Pakistan. Islamabad: National Book Foundation, p. 221 Naeem M. I. (2002). Problems of Teaching English in the Primary Schools ofSargodha Division and devising future strategies (un-published) M. PhilEducation Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Naseem, N. (2007). Analysis of Errors made by students at matric level.(Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Naeemullah, M. (2007). Comparative study of curricula, teaching methodology and examination system of GCE (A-level) and F.Sc level in Basic Sciences.(Unpublished) Ph.D Thesis University of Arid Agricultural Rawalpindi Pakistan). Nangia, S.B. (1993). Excellence of Teaching, a Model Approach. New Delhi: shish publishing, Punjabi Bagh, p.16 Nazir J. (2000). Teaching of English as a Second Language. Lahore Pakistan: The Caravans Book House Kactchery Bazar, pp.23-45, 56,67,78 Neilsen, K. (2003). Evaluation and Grading. Sydney. Australia: Aldine Publisher Company, p.64 Nunand, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. Mc Graw Hill. Rehman, T. (2003). Language Education and Culture. Oxford University Press. 2003 p.98, 89, 65 Richards, J. (1991). The Context of Language Teaching. London: Cambridge University Press, p.4,82 Richards, J. C. and S. Rodgers. (1986). Approaches and Methods in Language. Teaching. London: Cambridge University press, p.66 Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching Foreign Language Skills. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, p.46 Safura, F. (2006). Motivation for Learning English Language at Secondary Level.(Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Scott, F.S., Bowley, C.S. Brocket, J.G. Brown and P.R. Doddered. (1978). English Grammar, A. Linguistic Study of its classes and structures. London: Longman Group Ltd. p. 21 Shams, B. (2003). The language Skills. Course Code 553 TEFL Publishing AIOU Islamabad Pakistan pp. 54-60 Shirani, M. R. (1995). Utility of direct method for the development of language teaching. (Unpublished) M.A. TEFL, thesis, AIOU, Islamabad: p.24 Stockwell and Minkova D, (2001). English Words , UK :University Press UK. Tang, J. (2002). Helping student develop coherence in writing. Teaching Forum 2002. USA Washington: Vol. 40,p.41 The British Council. (1999). GCE Examination in Pakistan. The British Council Islamabad, pp. 1-7 The British Council. (2002). International Guide to Qualifications in Education. The British Council, Pakistan. p.59 Umbreen. (2008). A study on social acceptability of “O” and “A” level of education system and its implications in Pakistan. (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Arid Agricultural Rawalpindi Pakistan). Valdmain, A(ed) (2004). Studies in the second language acquisition. vol-26 No. 3 Cambridge University Press. Waheed, A. (2005) .A Comparative Study of English Language writing courses meant for teaching writing skills at metric and O levels. (Unpublished) M.A TEFL Thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan. Wilkins, D.A. (1978). Linguistic on Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. p. 14, 67 Zehra, A. (1997). English language teaching at middle level in government schools of Punjab. (Unpublished) M.A. TEFL thesis, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. p.87
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Eylül 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 |
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