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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 39 - 49, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-1-39

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100033.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033
  • Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Zumla, A., & Memish, Z. A. (2014). Travel implications of emerging coronaviruses: SARS and MERS-CoV. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.  12(5), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.06.007
  • Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research. 32(4), 1056–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
  • Arlı, E., & Bayırhan, İ. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic process on yacht operators: Application on a marina in Antalya. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 6(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2021-6-2-81
  • Atsız, O. (2021). Virtual reality technology and physical distancing: A review on limiting human interaction in tourism. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.834448
  • Baba, C. A., Stancioiu, A. F., Gabor, M. R., Alexe, F. A., Oltean, F. D., & Dinu, A. C. (2020). Considerations Regarding the Effects of Covid-19 on the Tourism Market. Theoretical and Applied Economics. 3(624), 271 – 284. http://store.ectap.ro/articole/1489.pdf
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 25(5): 2000062. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062;jsessionid
  • Bajardi, P., Poletto, C., Ramasco, J. J., Tizzoni, M., Colizza, V., & Vespignani, A. (2011). Human mobility networks, travel restrictions, and the global spread of 2009 H1N1 pandemic. PLoS One. 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016591
  • Barrera-Fernandez, D., Bujalance, S. G., & Scalici, M. (2019). Touristification in historic cities: Reflections on Malaga. Revista de Tourismo Contemporaneo. 7(1), 93 – 115. https://doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n1ID16169
  • Baxter, E. A., & Diehl, S. (1998). Emotional stages: Consumers and family members recovering from the trauma of mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal.  21(4), 349. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095289
  • Bella, G. (2018). Estimating the tourism induced environmental Kuznets curve in France. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.  26(12), 2043–2052. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1529768
  • Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: Committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies. 22(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 4616688.2020.1759130
  • Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760928
  • Butler, G. (2020). Changing leisure mobilities in COVID-19 Australia: Framing the value of self-drive tourism in a time of crisis. Unpublished paper, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies.  0(0):1–12. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
  • CCSA. (2020). How COVID-19 is changing the world: a statistical perspective. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ccsa/documents/covid19-report-ccsa.pdf
  • Chang, C. L., McAleer, M., & Ramos, V. (2020). A charter for sustainable tourism after COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland) 12(9). Doi: 10.3390/su12093671.
  • Epstein, J. M., Goedecke, D. M., Yu, F., Morris, R. J., Wagener, D. K., & Bobashev, G. V. (2007). Controlling pandemic flu: The value of international air travel restrictions. PLoS One. 2(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000401
  • Etxezarreta-Etxarri, A., Izagirre-Olaizola, J., Morandeira-Arca, J., & Carollo, I. M. (2020). Urban touristification in Spanish cities: consequences for the rentalhousing sector in San Sebastian. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 1294-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1755878
  • Fredline, E., & Faulkner, B. (2001). Variations in residents’ reactions to major motorsport events: Why residents perceive the impacts of events differently. Event Management. 7(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751524
  • Freytag, T., & Bauder, M. (2018). Bottom-Up touristification and urban transformations in Paris. Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 443 – 460. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1454504
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How COVID-19 Has Affected Supply and Demand Within Tourism Industry

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 39 - 49, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-1-39

Öz

There is no doubt that coronavirus has succeeded in crippling businesses and people worldwide. It has led to unprecedented economic crisis in countries around the world. The tourism sector isn’t an exception to its devastating impacts. The virus has succeeded in affecting not just the economy. In addition to such, job opportunities, and regional developments in local communities have been greatly affected. Tourism throughout the world has been stagnant since the month of April 2020 due to the advent of COVID-19. Given this temporary problem, economies and employment rates have been affected to a great extent. Also, local communities around the world are struggling to survive. In most countries, 50% the revenue generated from exports is contributed by tourism. This means it is a major contributor of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as well as employment. The major aim of this paper is to carry out an objective review that can enable researchers and experts understand as well as manage the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism. For this to be achieved, this paper discussed the transformational opportunities presented by COVID-19 including questions that it raises. The paper attempts to identify pre-assumptions, institutions, and fundamental values which the tourism industry including other academia need to challenge for development to be achieved. Furthermore, the paper discusses the major impacts, experiences and behaviors being experienced by the 3 stakeholders in the tourism industry – social cost, supply, and demand. Just as measures have been adopted by countries to ameliorate the situation, recommendations have been put forward to ensure speedy recovery of the sector.


Kaynakça

  • Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100033.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033
  • Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Zumla, A., & Memish, Z. A. (2014). Travel implications of emerging coronaviruses: SARS and MERS-CoV. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.  12(5), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.06.007
  • Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research. 32(4), 1056–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
  • Arlı, E., & Bayırhan, İ. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic process on yacht operators: Application on a marina in Antalya. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 6(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2021-6-2-81
  • Atsız, O. (2021). Virtual reality technology and physical distancing: A review on limiting human interaction in tourism. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.834448
  • Baba, C. A., Stancioiu, A. F., Gabor, M. R., Alexe, F. A., Oltean, F. D., & Dinu, A. C. (2020). Considerations Regarding the Effects of Covid-19 on the Tourism Market. Theoretical and Applied Economics. 3(624), 271 – 284. http://store.ectap.ro/articole/1489.pdf
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 25(5): 2000062. https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062;jsessionid
  • Bajardi, P., Poletto, C., Ramasco, J. J., Tizzoni, M., Colizza, V., & Vespignani, A. (2011). Human mobility networks, travel restrictions, and the global spread of 2009 H1N1 pandemic. PLoS One. 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016591
  • Barrera-Fernandez, D., Bujalance, S. G., & Scalici, M. (2019). Touristification in historic cities: Reflections on Malaga. Revista de Tourismo Contemporaneo. 7(1), 93 – 115. https://doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n1ID16169
  • Baxter, E. A., & Diehl, S. (1998). Emotional stages: Consumers and family members recovering from the trauma of mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal.  21(4), 349. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095289
  • Bella, G. (2018). Estimating the tourism induced environmental Kuznets curve in France. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.  26(12), 2043–2052. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1529768
  • Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: Committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies. 22(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 4616688.2020.1759130
  • Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760928
  • Butler, G. (2020). Changing leisure mobilities in COVID-19 Australia: Framing the value of self-drive tourism in a time of crisis. Unpublished paper, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies.  0(0):1–12. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
  • CCSA. (2020). How COVID-19 is changing the world: a statistical perspective. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ccsa/documents/covid19-report-ccsa.pdf
  • Chang, C. L., McAleer, M., & Ramos, V. (2020). A charter for sustainable tourism after COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland) 12(9). Doi: 10.3390/su12093671.
  • Epstein, J. M., Goedecke, D. M., Yu, F., Morris, R. J., Wagener, D. K., & Bobashev, G. V. (2007). Controlling pandemic flu: The value of international air travel restrictions. PLoS One. 2(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000401
  • Etxezarreta-Etxarri, A., Izagirre-Olaizola, J., Morandeira-Arca, J., & Carollo, I. M. (2020). Urban touristification in Spanish cities: consequences for the rentalhousing sector in San Sebastian. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 1294-1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1755878
  • Fredline, E., & Faulkner, B. (2001). Variations in residents’ reactions to major motorsport events: Why residents perceive the impacts of events differently. Event Management. 7(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599501108751524
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  • Khan, H., Seng, C. F., & Cheong, W. K. (1990). Tourism multiplier impacts on Singapore. Annals of Tourism Research. 17(3), 408–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90006-D
  • Lindberg, K., & Johnson, R. L. (1997). The economic values of tourism’s social impacts. Annals of Tourism Research.  24(1), 90–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(96)00033-3
  • Liu, J. C., & Var, T. (1986). Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research. 13(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90037-X
  • Mackey, T. K., & Liang, B. A. (2012). Lessons from SARS and H1N1/A: Employing a WHO–WTO forum to promote optimal economic-public health pandemic response. Journal of Public Health Policy. 33(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.51
  • Mayer, M. (2014). Can nature-based tourism benefits compensate for the costs of national parks? A study of the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 22(4), 561–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.871020
  • McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. CAMA Working Paper No. 19/2020. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3547729
  • Milman, A., & Pizam, A. (1988). Social impacts of tourism on central Florida. Annals of Tourism Research. 15(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90082-5
  • Nazneen, S., Hong, X., & Did, N. U. (2020). COVID-19 Crises and Tourist Travel Risk Perceptions. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3592321 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3592321
  • Nepal, S. K. (2020). Travel and tourism after COVID-19 – Business as usual or opportunity to reset? Tourism Geographies, 1–5. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760926
  • Niewiadomski, P. (2020). COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism? Tourism Geographies.  doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757749
  • OECD. (2020a). OECD Economic Outlook. No 108.Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org.
  • OECD. (2020b). OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris
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  • Orîndaru, A., Popescu, M. F., Alexoaei, A. P., Căescu, Ș. C., Florescu, M. S., & Orzan, A. O. (2021). Tourism in a Post-COVID-19 Era: Sustainable Strategies for Industry’s Recovery. Sustainability, 13(12), pp.6781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126781
  • Parady, G., Taniguchi, A., & Takami, K. (2020). Travel behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: Analyzing the effects of risk perception and social influence on going-out self-restriction. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7(100181), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100181
  • Polyzos, S., Samitas, A., & Spyridou, A. E. (2020). Tourism demand and the COVID-19 pandemic: An LSTM approach. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1777053
  • Prideaux, B., Thompson, M., & Pabel, A. (2020). Lessons from COVID-19 can prepare global tourism for the economic transformation needed to combat climate change. Tourism Geographies.  1–12. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1762117. 
  • Renaud, L. (2020). Reconsidering global mobility–distancing from mass cruise tourism in the aftermath of COVID-19. Tourism Geographies. Doi: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1762116.
  • Rittichainuwat, B. N., & Chakraborty, G. (2009). Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: The case of Thailand. Tourism Management.  30(3),410–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.08.001
  • Rozmiarek, M., Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Kazimierczak, M. (2022). Overtourism and the impact of tourist traffic on the daily life of city residents: a case study of Poznan. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2022.2029463
  • Rwigema, P. C. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic to Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions tourism in Rwanda. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 7 (3), 395409
  • Saarinen, J., & Wall-Reinius, S. (Eds.). (2021). Tourism Enclaves: Geographies of Exclusive Spaces in Tourism. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Sanchez–Perez, M., Teran-Yepez, E., Marin-Carrillo, M. B., Marin-Carrillo, G. M., & Illescas-Manzano, M. D. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Tourist Evaluation and Behavioural Intentions in Spain: Implications for Market Segmentation Analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1889481.
  • Santos, N., & Moreira, C. O. (2021). Uncertainty and expectations in Portugal's tourism activities. Impacts of COVID-19. Research in Globalization, 3, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2021.100071
  • Sharma, G. D., Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism management perspectives, 37, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
  • Sigala, M. (2020). Going Back to Places but No Going Back: Why the Opening of Regional Tourism Can Give us a Pre-taste of the Next Normal for Tourism. Adelaide: University of South Australia.
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  • Yeh, S. (2021). Tourism recovery strategy against COVID-19 pandemic.  Tourism Recreation Research, 46:2, 188-194, DOI: 10.1080/02508281.2020.1805933
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Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Contents
Yazarlar

Gül Şerife Huyugüzel Kışla 0000-0002-0901-2038

Burcu Türkcan 0000-0002-7494-5897

Meltem Ince Yenilmez 0000-0002-4689-3196

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Huyugüzel Kışla, G. Ş., Türkcan, B., & Ince Yenilmez, M. (2023). How COVID-19 Has Affected Supply and Demand Within Tourism Industry. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 8(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-1-39



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