Araştırma Makalesi
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The Entrepreneurial Potential of the Creative Class: Demography, Human Capital and Space

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 619 - 663, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1321606

Öz

Despite numerous studies examining the validity of Florida's creative class approach in the field of urban and regional development, no research on the entrepreneurial part of this theory has been conducted in Turkey. In this context, this study analyzes the entrepreneurial potential of the creative class working as R&D employees in technoparks and industrial park in Turkey. The study focuses on the creative class's demographic characteristics, human capital capabilities, and spatial featues as entrepreneurial tendencies. Using a mixed research method, a survey was conducted with 1352 R&D employees operating in 14 major provinces of Turkey and 255 R&D employees were interviewed simultaneously. The data obtained were analyzed using MAXQDA and SPSS software. The findings show that R&D employees define entrepreneurship primarily in terms of personal traits and effort; their perception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial experience influence whether they regard themselves as capable of becoming entrepreneurs in the future. Participants who have prior entrepreneurial experience and receive government support have a more optimistic attitude toward becoming an entrepreneur in the future. Additionally, it is evident that the characteristics of the cities and business regions where the creative class lives and works have an impact on entrepreneurship and that these locations enhance the entrepreneurial potential of R&D professionals. Based on R&D employees' experience, opportunity, human capital, and personality traits, the final results reveal that there is a creative class with a very high potential to be entrepreneurs in the future. This conclusion indicates that R&D employee entrepreneurship, which has a high potential for the Turkish entrepreneurship ecosystem, should be promoted primarily through public policies and practices.

Kaynakça

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Yaratıcı Sınıfın Girişimcilik Potansiyeli: Demografi, Beşerî Sermaye ve Mekân

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 619 - 663, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1321606

Öz

Florida'nın yaratıcı sınıf yaklaşımının kentsel ve bölgesel kalkınma alanındaki geçerliliğini çeşitli ülkelerde analiz eden birçok araştırma bulunmasına rağmen, teorinin girişimcilik boyutunu Türkiye bağlamında inceleyen herhangi bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma bilgiye dayalı ekonomiye geçiş sürecindeki Türkiye’nin sanayi ve teknoloji bölgelerinde Ar-Ge personeli olarak çalışan yaratıcı sınıfın girişimcilik algısını ve potansiyelini analiz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma yaratıcı sınıfın girişimcilik eğilimi olarak demografik özelliklerine, beşerî sermaye niteliklerine ve mekân boyutuna odaklanmaktadır. Karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, veriler Türkiye’nin 14 büyük ilinde faaliyet gösteren 1352 Ar-Ge çalışanı ile anket, bunların içinden 255 Ar-Ge çalışanı ile de eş zamanlı mülakat yapılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS programıyla nitel veriler de MAXQDA yazılımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları Ar-Ge çalışanı yaratıcı sınıfın girişimciliği ağırlıklı olarak kişilik özellikler ve bireysel çaba üzerinden tanımladığını, bu doğrultuda girişimcilik algısının ve girişimcilik deneyimlerinin kendilerini gelecekte girişimci olabilecek yeterlilikte görüp görmedikleri üzerinde etkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Geçmişte girişimcilik deneyimi bulunan ve devlet desteğinden faydalanan katılımcıların gelecekte girişimci olmaya olumlu yaklaştıkları söylenebilir. Ayrıca yaratıcı sınıfın çalıştıkları iş bölgeleri ile yaşadıkları kentlerin sahip olduğu olanakların girişimcilik üzerinde etkili olduğu ve söz konusu mekânların Ar-Ge çalışanlarının girişimcilik potansiyelini desteklediği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Ar-Ge çalışanlarının sahip oldukları deneyim, olanaklar, beşerî sermaye ve kişilik özellikleri doğrultusunda, gelecekte girişimci olma potansiyeli çok yüksek bir yaratıcı sınıf olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, Türkiye girişimcilik ekosistemi için büyük potansiyel teşkil eden Ar-Ge çalışanlarının girişimciliğinin kamu politika ve uygulamaları tarafından öncelikle teşvik edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasianchavari, A. ve Moritz, A. (2020). The impact of role models on entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: A review of the literature. Management Review Quarterly,71,1-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-019-00179-0
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  • Klepper, S. (2001). Employee startups in high‐tech industries. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(3), 639-674. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/10.3.639
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  • Liang, J. Wang, H. ve Lazear, E. P. (2018). Demographics and entrepreneurship. Journal of Political Economy, 126(1), 140-196. https://doi.org/10.1086/698750
  • Lihua, D. (2022). An extended model of the theory of planned behavior- an empirical study of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior in college students. Frontiers in Psychology. 12:627818. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627818
  • Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J.C. ve Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2000). Postmodern durum: Postmodern nedir? (Çiğdem, A. Çev.). İstanbul: Vadi Yayınları.
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  • Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12359
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  • Müller, S. (2016). A progress review of entrepreneurship and regional development: What are the remaining gaps? European Planning Studies, 24, 1133–1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1154506
  • Nguyen, C. (2018). Demographic factors, family background and prior self-employment on entrepreneurial intention-Vietnamese business students are different: why?. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0097-3
  • Nijkamp, P. (2003). Entrepreneurship in a modern network economy. Regional Studies, 37, 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000074424
  • Nikolowa, R., (2014). Developing new ideas: Spin-outs, spinoffs, or internal divisions. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 98, 70-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.001
  • Ozaralli, N. ve Rivenburgh, N. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the U.S.A and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-0047-x.
  • Parker, S. C. (2011). Intrapreneurship or entrepreneurship?. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.003
  • Pret, T., Shaw, E. ve Drakopoulou Dodd, S. (2016). Painting the full picture: The conversion of economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital. International Small Business Journal, 34(8), 1004-1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615595450.
  • Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology,16(4), 353–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701595438
  • Reynolds, P. D. (1991). Sociology and entrepreneurship: Concepts and contributions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 (2), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600205
  • Reynolds, P., Storey, D. J.ve Westhead, P. (1994). Cross-national comparisons of the variation in new firm formation rates: An editorial overview. Regional Studies, 28(4), 343-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409412331348306
  • Rikalović, G., Josipović, S. ve Molnar, D. (2020). Creative class and entrepreneurial potential of rural areas in Serbia: Concept and measurement. Drezgić, S., Žiković, S. ve Tomljanović, M. (Eds), Smart Governments, Regions and Cities içinde (s.185-206). Rijeka: University of Rijeka.
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  • Shapero, A. ve Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. C. Kent, D. Sexton ve K. H. Vesper (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship içinde (s.72–90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
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  • Stolarick, K., Lobo, J. ve Strumsky, D. (2011). Are creative metropolitan areas also entrepreneurial?. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 3(3), 271-286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-7802.2011.01041.x
  • Storper, M. (2013). Keys to the city: How economics, ı̇nstitutions, social ı̇nteractions, and politics shape development. Princeton University Press.
  • Tatli, A., Vassilopoulou, J., Özbilgin, M., Forson, C. ve Slutskaya, N. (2014). A Bourdieuan relational perspective for entrepreneurship research. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(4), 615–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12122
  • Thérin, F. (Ed.) (2007). Handbook of research on techno-entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
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  • Yavan, N. (2018). KOP bölgesi girişimcilik ve yenilik ı̇htiyaç analizi. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) Bölge Kalkınma İdaresi Başkanlığı, Konya.
  • Yeung, H. (2009). Transnationalizing entrepreneurship: A critical agenda for economic geography. Progress in Human Geography,33, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132508096032
Toplam 106 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomik Coğrafya
Bölüm Coğrafya
Yazarlar

Nuri Yavan 0000-0002-6752-6598

Mehmet Cansız 0000-0002-8586-5171

Neval Karanfil 0000-0002-9220-0397

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavan, N., Cansız, M., & Karanfil, N. (2023). Yaratıcı Sınıfın Girişimcilik Potansiyeli: Demografi, Beşerî Sermaye ve Mekân. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 619-663. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1321606