Araştırma Makalesi
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Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 125 - 134, 27.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043

Öz

Aim of study: This study was carried out to determine the surface hardness values of some varnishes applied to the surface of naturally aged wood material.
Material and methods: Acrylic, polyurethane and water-based varnish was applied to the surface of the experimental samples prepared from naturally aged and fresh Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petrea L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa M.) wood materials. A total of 360 test samples, 10 for each wood type, cutting direction, age period, and varnish type were prepared then the surface hardness values of these samples were determined.
Main results: As a result of the experiments, the effect of the age period on the surface hardness of the varnish layer was found to be insignificant. The highest surface hardness value in wood material was obtained in the tangential section of oak wood and the difference between oak wood and chestnut wood was statistically insignificant. As a varnish type, the highest surface hardness value was obtained in polyurethane varnish, followed by acrylic varnish and water-based varnish, respectively. In addition, the surface hardness of the varnish layer in the tangential section of the wood material was found to be higher than that of the radial section.
Highlights: In cases where high surface hardness is required in the varnish layer, polyurethane varnish can be preferred. As a result of the experiments, water-based varnish with a low surface hardness value will be able to give a working performance compatible with wood material with a hygroscopic structure, thanks to its high elasticity. For this reason, wood with a high amount of dimensional change can be used to protect the material against external influences.

Kaynakça

  • ASTM D 1005. (2001). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • ASTM D 3023. (1981), Determination of Resistance of Factory Applied Coatings on Wood Products of Stain and Reagents, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • ASTM D 4366-16. (2016), Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • Budakçı, M. (1997). Effects of the Resistance to Adhesion Surface of Layer Thickness Glossy and Hardness at the Wood’s Varnishes, M. Sc. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Çakıcıer, N. (2007). Changes Due to Weathering of Surface Finishing Layers of Wood, Ph.D. Thesis, İstanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul.
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S. & Korkut, D.S. (2011). Varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of various wood species as affected by heat treatment. BioResources, 6(2), 1648-1658.
  • Fengel, D. (1991). Aging and fossilization of wood and its components, Wood Science and Technology, 25(3), 153-177.
  • Kılıç, K. (2019). Performance Properties of Finishing in Natural Aged Wood Material., M. Sc. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. (2000). Wood Material Surface Treatments, 1, İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, University Publication No: 4262, Faculty Publication, 463, İstanbul, 4.
  • Örs, Y., Küreli, İ. & Söğütlü, C. (2002). Determination of Abrasion and Scratch Resistance of Various Wood Materials Used in Residential Kitchen Workbenches, Journal of Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, 15(2), 475-483.
  • Pelit H. & Korkmaz M. (2019). Effect of water based varnishes added nanographene on the surface properties of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood, Journal of Polytechnic, 22(1), 203-212.
  • Ross, R.T. (1972). Painting Testing Manual, Chapter 6.4, Biological Deterioration of Paints and Paints Films, ASTM Special Technical Publication, 13. Edition of the Gardner-Sward Handbook Philadelphia, P.A.
  • Söğütlü, C. & Sönmez, A. (2006). The Effect of UV Lights on Color Changes on Some Local Wood Processed with Differential Preservatives. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 21 (1), 151-159.
  • Söğütlü, C. (2017). Determination of the effect of surface roughness on the bonding strength of wooden materials. BioResources, 12(1), 1417-1429.
  • Söğütlü, C., Nzokou, P., Koc, I., Tutgun, R. & Döngel, N. (2016). The Effects of Surface Roughness on Varnish Adhesion Strength of Wood Materials. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 13(5), 863-870.
  • Sönmez, A. (1989). Important Resistance Against to Mechanical, Physical and Chemical Effects of the Varnishes Used on the Upper Surface of Wooden Furniture. Ph.D. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M. & Yakın, M. (2004). Effect of Application Methods on the Hardness Gloss and Adhesion Strength of Waterborne Varnish Coating on the Wooden Surface. Journal of Polytechnic, 7(3), 229-235.
  • TS 2470. (1976). Wood - Sampling Methods and General Requirements for Physical and Mechanical Tests, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • TS 2471. (1976). Wood, Determination of Moisture Content for Physical and Mechanical Tests, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • TS EN ISO 3251. (2012). Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-volatile- matter contenz, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • Ulay, G. & Çakıcıer, N. (2017). The Impact of Accelerated Aging (QUV) Process on Protective Layer Applied to Wood Specie Used in Yacht And Boat Manufacturing. Journal of Advanced Technology Sciences, 6(3), 212-218.
  • Uysal, B., Atar, M. & Özçifci, A. (1999). The effects of chemicals for using the bleaching of the wood surfaces on the layer hardness of varnish. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(4), 443-450.
  • Williams, R.S., Plantinga, P.L. & Feist, W.C. (1990). Photodegradatin of Wood Effects Paint Adhesion, Forest Products Journal, 40, 1, 45-49.

Taze ve Doğal Yaşlanmış Ağaç Malzemeye Uygulanan Üç Çeşit Verniğin Yüzey Sertliği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 125 - 134, 27.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, doğal yaşlanmış ağaç malzeme yüzeyine uygulanan bazı verniklerin yüzey sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Malzeme ve yöntem: Doğal yaşlanmış ve taze sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.), sapsız meşe (Quercus petrea L.) ve kestane (Castanea sativa M.) ağaç malzemeden hazırlanan deney örneklerinin yüzeyine akrilik, poliüretan ve su-bazlı vernik uygulamıştır. Her ağaç türü, kesit yönü, yaş periyodu ve vernik çeşidi için 10’ar adet olmak üzere toplam 360 adet deney örneği hazırlanmış ve yüzey sertlik değerleri belirlenmiştir.
Temel Sonuçlar: Deneyler sonucunda, yaş periyodunun vernik katmanı yüzey sertliğine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Ağaç malzemede düzeyinde en yüksek yüzey sertlik değeri meşenin teğet kesitinde elde edilmiş, meşe ve kestane arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamsız çıkmıştır. Vernik çeşidi olarak, en yüksek yüzey sertlik değeri poliüretan vernikte elde edilmiş, bunu sırası ile akrilik vernik ve su-bazlı vernik izlemiştir. Ayrıca, ağaç malzemenin teğet kesitindeki vernik katmanı yüzey sertliği radyal kesit yönünden yüksek bulunmuştur.
Araştırma vurguları: Vernik katmanında yüksek yüzey sertliği gerektiren durumlarda, poliüretan vernik tercih edilebilir. Deneyler sonucunda, yüzey sertlik değeri düşük seviyede bulunan su-bazlı vernik ise yüksek elastiklik özelliği sayesinde, higroskopik yapıya sahip olan ağaç malzeme ile uyumlu bir çalışma performansı verebilecektir. Bu nedenle, boyutsal değişim miktarı yüksek olan ağaç malzemenin harici etkilere karşı korunması için kullanılabilir.

Kaynakça

  • ASTM D 1005. (2001). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • ASTM D 3023. (1981), Determination of Resistance of Factory Applied Coatings on Wood Products of Stain and Reagents, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • ASTM D 4366-16. (2016), Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests, American Society for Testing and Materials, U.S.A.
  • Budakçı, M. (1997). Effects of the Resistance to Adhesion Surface of Layer Thickness Glossy and Hardness at the Wood’s Varnishes, M. Sc. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Çakıcıer, N. (2007). Changes Due to Weathering of Surface Finishing Layers of Wood, Ph.D. Thesis, İstanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul.
  • Çakıcıer, N., Korkut, S. & Korkut, D.S. (2011). Varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of various wood species as affected by heat treatment. BioResources, 6(2), 1648-1658.
  • Fengel, D. (1991). Aging and fossilization of wood and its components, Wood Science and Technology, 25(3), 153-177.
  • Kılıç, K. (2019). Performance Properties of Finishing in Natural Aged Wood Material., M. Sc. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. (2000). Wood Material Surface Treatments, 1, İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, University Publication No: 4262, Faculty Publication, 463, İstanbul, 4.
  • Örs, Y., Küreli, İ. & Söğütlü, C. (2002). Determination of Abrasion and Scratch Resistance of Various Wood Materials Used in Residential Kitchen Workbenches, Journal of Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, 15(2), 475-483.
  • Pelit H. & Korkmaz M. (2019). Effect of water based varnishes added nanographene on the surface properties of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood, Journal of Polytechnic, 22(1), 203-212.
  • Ross, R.T. (1972). Painting Testing Manual, Chapter 6.4, Biological Deterioration of Paints and Paints Films, ASTM Special Technical Publication, 13. Edition of the Gardner-Sward Handbook Philadelphia, P.A.
  • Söğütlü, C. & Sönmez, A. (2006). The Effect of UV Lights on Color Changes on Some Local Wood Processed with Differential Preservatives. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 21 (1), 151-159.
  • Söğütlü, C. (2017). Determination of the effect of surface roughness on the bonding strength of wooden materials. BioResources, 12(1), 1417-1429.
  • Söğütlü, C., Nzokou, P., Koc, I., Tutgun, R. & Döngel, N. (2016). The Effects of Surface Roughness on Varnish Adhesion Strength of Wood Materials. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 13(5), 863-870.
  • Sönmez, A. (1989). Important Resistance Against to Mechanical, Physical and Chemical Effects of the Varnishes Used on the Upper Surface of Wooden Furniture. Ph.D. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • Sönmez, A., Budakçı, M. & Yakın, M. (2004). Effect of Application Methods on the Hardness Gloss and Adhesion Strength of Waterborne Varnish Coating on the Wooden Surface. Journal of Polytechnic, 7(3), 229-235.
  • TS 2470. (1976). Wood - Sampling Methods and General Requirements for Physical and Mechanical Tests, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • TS 2471. (1976). Wood, Determination of Moisture Content for Physical and Mechanical Tests, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • TS EN ISO 3251. (2012). Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-volatile- matter contenz, TSE Standart, Ankara.
  • Ulay, G. & Çakıcıer, N. (2017). The Impact of Accelerated Aging (QUV) Process on Protective Layer Applied to Wood Specie Used in Yacht And Boat Manufacturing. Journal of Advanced Technology Sciences, 6(3), 212-218.
  • Uysal, B., Atar, M. & Özçifci, A. (1999). The effects of chemicals for using the bleaching of the wood surfaces on the layer hardness of varnish. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(4), 443-450.
  • Williams, R.S., Plantinga, P.L. & Feist, W.C. (1990). Photodegradatin of Wood Effects Paint Adhesion, Forest Products Journal, 40, 1, 45-49.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kenan Kılıç

Cevdet Söğütlü Bu kişi benim

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 24 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, K., & Söğütlü, C. (2022). Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 22(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043
AMA Kılıç K, Söğütlü C. Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. Eylül 2022;22(2):125-134. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1179043
Chicago Kılıç, Kenan, ve Cevdet Söğütlü. “Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 22, sy. 2 (Eylül 2022): 125-34. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043.
EndNote Kılıç K, Söğütlü C (01 Eylül 2022) Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 22 2 125–134.
IEEE K. Kılıç ve C. Söğütlü, “Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 22, sy. 2, ss. 125–134, 2022, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1179043.
ISNAD Kılıç, Kenan - Söğütlü, Cevdet. “Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 22/2 (Eylül 2022), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043.
JAMA Kılıç K, Söğütlü C. Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2022;22:125–134.
MLA Kılıç, Kenan ve Cevdet Söğütlü. “Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 22, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 125-34, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1179043.
Vancouver Kılıç K, Söğütlü C. Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2022;22(2):125-34.

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