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SAHRA ALTI AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞRU-DAN YABANCI YATIRIM, ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ VE NÜFUSUN REFAHI: YENİ BİR EKONOMİK REFAH MODELİNE GEREK VAR MIDIR?

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 39, 405 - 434, 30.04.2021

Öz

Çokuluslu şirketler, kirlilik cenneti hipotezinden yararlanarak, ev sahibi ülkelere doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY’ler) kapsamında kirletici teknolojileri getirerek ulusal çevre ve dolayısıyla nüfus refahı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sahra altı Afrika (SAA) ülkelerindeki DYY'nin çevre kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini, DYY’nin nüfus refahı üzerindeki etkisini ve dolayısıyla çevre kirliliğinin nüfus refahı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Analizde dolaylı etkilerin varlığından dolayı bir yol analizi ve bootstrap yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Modellerde içe dönük net giriş DYY dışsal değişken ve kişi başına reel GSYİH (kişi başına refah vekili) içsel bir değişkendir. Ayrıca kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonu, bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar nedeniyle ölüm oranı ve kişi başına sağlık harcaması aracı değişkenlerdir. Bulgulara göre, SAA ülkelerinde DYY’deki artış, çevre kalitesini düşürmektedir. DYY ile nüfus refahı arasına aracı değişkenler girmektedirler. Dolayısıyla kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonları ve bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan kaynaklanan ölüm oranı DYY ile nüfus refahı arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğinde, DYY'deki artış, nüfus refahını azaltmaktadır. Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan kaynaklanan ölüm oranı karbondioksit emisyonları ile kişi başına nüfus refahı arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğinde, kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonlarındaki artış, kişi başına nüfus refahını düşürmektedir. Modellere kişi başına sağlık harcamaları dâhil edildiğinde, DYY'deki artış, nüfus refahını artırmaktadır. Bu ölçüde SAA ülkeleri DYY'ye tamamen güvenmek yerine refahı iyileştirmek için içsel bir kaynak aramalıdırlar.

Kaynakça

  • Adriano, M. (2014). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, 5(10), 95-108.
  • Azam, A. G., Zanjani, B. R., & Mood, M. B. (2016). Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Practical Measures of Prevention in Iran. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 1-12.
  • Bates, D. (2002). A Half-Century Later: Recollections of the London Fog. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(12), A 734 (Bütün sayfalar A734 olarak numarandırılmıştır).
  • Baujard, A. (2013). Welfare Economics. halshs(00906907), 1-20. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00906907/document
  • Benson, N. (2008). Water Pollution. S. G. Philander içinde, Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change (s. 813-817). California, London, New Delhi and Far East Square: SAGE.
  • Bentham, J. (1781). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation . Batoche Books Kitchener 2000.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. New York: Routledge Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • Campbell-Lendrum, D., & Prüss-Ustün, A. (2019). Climate Change, air pollution and noncommunicable diseases. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(2), 160-161.
  • Centemeri, L. (2009). Environmental Damage as Negative Externality: Uncertainty, Moral Complexity and the Limits of Market. e-cadernos CES (Online), 05, 21-40.
  • Chetcho, C. D. (2015). The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Case Study of Cameroon. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Gazimağusa: Eastern Mediterranean University.
  • Coase, R. H. (1960). The Problem of Social Cost. The University of Chicago: The Journal of Law and Economics, III, 1-44.
  • Cohen, S. D. (2007). Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment: Avoiding Simplicity, Embracing Complexity. Kindle Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Conant, J., & Fadem, P. (2008). A Community Guide to Environmental Health. Berkeley: Hesperian Foundation.
  • Davis, D. L., Bell, M. L., & Fletcher, T. (2002). A Look Back at the London Smog of 1952 and the Half Century Since. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(12), A 734 (Bütün sayfalar A734 olarak numarandırılmıştır).
  • Denisia, V. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment Theories: An Overview of the Main FDI Theories. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies(3), 53-59.
  • Dold, M. (2017). Back to Buchanan? Explorations of welfare and subjectivism in behavioral economics. Leibniz-Informationszenstrum Wirtschaft Ihr Partner fur Forschung und Studium (ZBW). ECONSTOR(2017-03), 1-25.
  • Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2016). Globalization and the Environmental Impact of FDI. The Graduate Center of City University of New York (CUNY). Economics Working Paper Series(12), 1-22.
  • Engel, K. S., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 23-74.
  • Erdoğan, S., Kirca, M., & Gedikli, A. (2019). Is there a Relationship between CO2 Emissions and Health Expenditure? Evidence from BRICS-T Countries. Business and Economics Research Journal, 293-305.
  • Fortanier, F. (2007). Foreign direct investment and host country economic growth: Does the investor's country of origin play a role? Transnational Corporations, 41-76. Fox, G. C. (2007). The Real Coase Theorems. Cato Journal, 27(3), 373-396.
  • Gharnit, S., Bouzahzah, M., & Soussane, A. J. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment and pollution havens: evidence from African Countries. Archives of Business Research, 244-252.
  • Günsoy, G. (2013). Doğal Kaynaklar Çevre ve Ekonomi Kavramsal Çerçeve. G. Günsoy, & M. T. Aktaş içinde, Doğal Kaynaklar ve Çevre Ekonomisi (s. 2-27). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. Yayını No: 2933.
  • Haider, M. A., Khan, M. A., & Abdulahi, E. (2016). Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Investment and Its Effects on China. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 143-150.
  • Harris, J. M., & Roach, B. (2018). Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A Contemporary Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal on Business Research Methods, 53-60.
  • Izarali, M. R. (2013). Globalization and the Bhopal Disaster: A Criminogic Inquiry. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 6(1), 91-112.
  • Jazib, M. J. (2018). Basics of Environmental Sciences. New Delhi: Iqra Publishers.
  • Kampa, M., & Castanas, E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution, 362-367.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: THE GUILDFORD PRESS.
  • Kuşluvan, S. (1998). A Review of Theories of Multinational Enterprises. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 163-180.
  • Libanda, J., Marshall, D., & Nyasa, L. (2017). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of Developing Countries: The Case of Zambia. British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 1-15.
  • Makoni, P. L. (2015). An Extensive Exploration of Theories of Foreign Direct Investment. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 77-83.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 1-13.
  • Mayrhofer, U., & Prange, C. (2013). Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Enterprises (MNEs). Encyclopedia of Management. Wiley.
  • Mill, J. S. (1863). Utilitarianism. Ontario: Batoche Books Kitchener 2001.
  • Moosa, I. A. (2002). Foreign Direct Investment: Theory, Evidence and Practice. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Moura, R., & Forte, R. (2009). The effects of foreign direct investment on the host country economic growth - theory and empirical evidence. ETSG 2009 Rome Conference: 11th ETSG Annual Conference (s. 1-27). Rome: University of Rome "Tor Vergata".
  • Mukhtarov, S., Aliyev, S., Mikayilov, J. I., & Ismayilov, A. (2019). The Impact of FDI on Environmental Degradation in Azerbaijan. 37th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development-" Socio Economic Problems of Sustainable Development" (s. 1247-1253). Baku: ESD SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
  • Murru, M. (2004). Bhopal 20 Years On Globalization and Corporate Responsibility. Health Policy and Development, 2(3), 249-254.
  • Nasrollahi, Z., Moradi, M., & Rezaei, H. (2014). Pollution Haven and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries. Journal of International Relations, XII(2), 111-124.
  • Nayak, D., & Choudhury, R. N. (2014). A selective review of foreign direct investment theories. Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade (ARTNeT) Working Paper Series(143), 1-35.
  • Oates, W., & Baumol, W. (1975). Theory of Environmental Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • OECD. (1999). OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment. 3rd Edition. Paris: Organisation of for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
  • Peirce, J. J., Weiner, R. F., & Vesilind, P. A. (1998). Environmental Pollution and Control. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Perloff, J. M. (2018). Microeconomics. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Phillips, J., Kan, S., Kerslake, C., Akayoğlu, S., Değerli, T., Karaakın, A., et al. (2016). Oxford Word Power Dictionary: English-English-Turkish. Oxford University Press.
  • Popovici, O. C., & Calin, A. C. (2014). FDI theories: A location-based approach. The Romanian Economic Journal, 3-24.
  • Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2017). Air Pollution. 09 24, 2019 tarihinde Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution adresinden alındı.
  • Riti, J. S., Sentanu, I. P., Cai, A., & Sheikh, S. (2016). Foreign Direct Investment, Manufacturing Export and the Environment in Nigeria: A Test of Pollution Haven Hypothesis. Development Journal, 75-98.
  • Serafim, O. T. (2011). The Investment Development Path-literature Review. Annals of the"Ovidius"University, Economics Sciences Series, 1-5.
  • Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Feedbooks.
  • Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Nora, A. (2004). Path Analysis: An Introduction and Analysis of a Decade of Research. The Journal of Educational Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13, 98(1), 5-13.
  • Statistics Solutions. (2010). A Manual on Dissertation and Thesis Statistics. Unpublished Manual. Statistics Solutions. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/spss-manual/.
  • Strauss, I. (2015). Understanding South Africa's current account deficit: The role of foreign direct investment income. Transnational Corporations, 23(3), 49-80.
  • Trąpczyński, P. R. (2014). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Performance in the Internationalisation Process of Polish Companies, Doctoral Dissertation. Poznań: Poznań University of Economics, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.
  • UNCTAD . (2016). World Investment Report. Geneva: United Nations Publication.
  • Varma, R., & Varma, D. R. (2005). The Bophal Disaster of 1984. Bulletin of Science Technology&Society, 37-45.
  • WHO. (2017). Preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by reducing environmental risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO),(WHO/FWC/EPE/17.1).
  • WHO. (2019). Noncommunicable diseases and air pollution. WHO European High-Level Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases (s. 1-7). Ashgabat: World Health Organization (WHO).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, ENVIRON-MENTAL POLLUTION AND POPULATION WELFARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: IS THERE A NEED FOR A NEW MODEL OF ECONOMIC WELFARE?

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 39, 405 - 434, 30.04.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adriano, M. (2014). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, 5(10), 95-108.
  • Azam, A. G., Zanjani, B. R., & Mood, M. B. (2016). Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Practical Measures of Prevention in Iran. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 1-12.
  • Bates, D. (2002). A Half-Century Later: Recollections of the London Fog. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(12), A 734 (Bütün sayfalar A734 olarak numarandırılmıştır).
  • Baujard, A. (2013). Welfare Economics. halshs(00906907), 1-20. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00906907/document
  • Benson, N. (2008). Water Pollution. S. G. Philander içinde, Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change (s. 813-817). California, London, New Delhi and Far East Square: SAGE.
  • Bentham, J. (1781). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation . Batoche Books Kitchener 2000.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. New York: Routledge Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • Campbell-Lendrum, D., & Prüss-Ustün, A. (2019). Climate Change, air pollution and noncommunicable diseases. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(2), 160-161.
  • Centemeri, L. (2009). Environmental Damage as Negative Externality: Uncertainty, Moral Complexity and the Limits of Market. e-cadernos CES (Online), 05, 21-40.
  • Chetcho, C. D. (2015). The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Case Study of Cameroon. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Gazimağusa: Eastern Mediterranean University.
  • Coase, R. H. (1960). The Problem of Social Cost. The University of Chicago: The Journal of Law and Economics, III, 1-44.
  • Cohen, S. D. (2007). Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment: Avoiding Simplicity, Embracing Complexity. Kindle Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Conant, J., & Fadem, P. (2008). A Community Guide to Environmental Health. Berkeley: Hesperian Foundation.
  • Davis, D. L., Bell, M. L., & Fletcher, T. (2002). A Look Back at the London Smog of 1952 and the Half Century Since. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(12), A 734 (Bütün sayfalar A734 olarak numarandırılmıştır).
  • Denisia, V. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment Theories: An Overview of the Main FDI Theories. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies(3), 53-59.
  • Dold, M. (2017). Back to Buchanan? Explorations of welfare and subjectivism in behavioral economics. Leibniz-Informationszenstrum Wirtschaft Ihr Partner fur Forschung und Studium (ZBW). ECONSTOR(2017-03), 1-25.
  • Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2016). Globalization and the Environmental Impact of FDI. The Graduate Center of City University of New York (CUNY). Economics Working Paper Series(12), 1-22.
  • Engel, K. S., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 23-74.
  • Erdoğan, S., Kirca, M., & Gedikli, A. (2019). Is there a Relationship between CO2 Emissions and Health Expenditure? Evidence from BRICS-T Countries. Business and Economics Research Journal, 293-305.
  • Fortanier, F. (2007). Foreign direct investment and host country economic growth: Does the investor's country of origin play a role? Transnational Corporations, 41-76. Fox, G. C. (2007). The Real Coase Theorems. Cato Journal, 27(3), 373-396.
  • Gharnit, S., Bouzahzah, M., & Soussane, A. J. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment and pollution havens: evidence from African Countries. Archives of Business Research, 244-252.
  • Günsoy, G. (2013). Doğal Kaynaklar Çevre ve Ekonomi Kavramsal Çerçeve. G. Günsoy, & M. T. Aktaş içinde, Doğal Kaynaklar ve Çevre Ekonomisi (s. 2-27). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. Yayını No: 2933.
  • Haider, M. A., Khan, M. A., & Abdulahi, E. (2016). Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Investment and Its Effects on China. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 143-150.
  • Harris, J. M., & Roach, B. (2018). Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A Contemporary Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal on Business Research Methods, 53-60.
  • Izarali, M. R. (2013). Globalization and the Bhopal Disaster: A Criminogic Inquiry. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 6(1), 91-112.
  • Jazib, M. J. (2018). Basics of Environmental Sciences. New Delhi: Iqra Publishers.
  • Kampa, M., & Castanas, E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution, 362-367.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: THE GUILDFORD PRESS.
  • Kuşluvan, S. (1998). A Review of Theories of Multinational Enterprises. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 163-180.
  • Libanda, J., Marshall, D., & Nyasa, L. (2017). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of Developing Countries: The Case of Zambia. British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 1-15.
  • Makoni, P. L. (2015). An Extensive Exploration of Theories of Foreign Direct Investment. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 77-83.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 1-13.
  • Mayrhofer, U., & Prange, C. (2013). Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Enterprises (MNEs). Encyclopedia of Management. Wiley.
  • Mill, J. S. (1863). Utilitarianism. Ontario: Batoche Books Kitchener 2001.
  • Moosa, I. A. (2002). Foreign Direct Investment: Theory, Evidence and Practice. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Moura, R., & Forte, R. (2009). The effects of foreign direct investment on the host country economic growth - theory and empirical evidence. ETSG 2009 Rome Conference: 11th ETSG Annual Conference (s. 1-27). Rome: University of Rome "Tor Vergata".
  • Mukhtarov, S., Aliyev, S., Mikayilov, J. I., & Ismayilov, A. (2019). The Impact of FDI on Environmental Degradation in Azerbaijan. 37th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development-" Socio Economic Problems of Sustainable Development" (s. 1247-1253). Baku: ESD SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
  • Murru, M. (2004). Bhopal 20 Years On Globalization and Corporate Responsibility. Health Policy and Development, 2(3), 249-254.
  • Nasrollahi, Z., Moradi, M., & Rezaei, H. (2014). Pollution Haven and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries. Journal of International Relations, XII(2), 111-124.
  • Nayak, D., & Choudhury, R. N. (2014). A selective review of foreign direct investment theories. Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade (ARTNeT) Working Paper Series(143), 1-35.
  • Oates, W., & Baumol, W. (1975). Theory of Environmental Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • OECD. (1999). OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment. 3rd Edition. Paris: Organisation of for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
  • Peirce, J. J., Weiner, R. F., & Vesilind, P. A. (1998). Environmental Pollution and Control. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Perloff, J. M. (2018). Microeconomics. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Phillips, J., Kan, S., Kerslake, C., Akayoğlu, S., Değerli, T., Karaakın, A., et al. (2016). Oxford Word Power Dictionary: English-English-Turkish. Oxford University Press.
  • Popovici, O. C., & Calin, A. C. (2014). FDI theories: A location-based approach. The Romanian Economic Journal, 3-24.
  • Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2017). Air Pollution. 09 24, 2019 tarihinde Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution adresinden alındı.
  • Riti, J. S., Sentanu, I. P., Cai, A., & Sheikh, S. (2016). Foreign Direct Investment, Manufacturing Export and the Environment in Nigeria: A Test of Pollution Haven Hypothesis. Development Journal, 75-98.
  • Serafim, O. T. (2011). The Investment Development Path-literature Review. Annals of the"Ovidius"University, Economics Sciences Series, 1-5.
  • Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Feedbooks.
  • Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Nora, A. (2004). Path Analysis: An Introduction and Analysis of a Decade of Research. The Journal of Educational Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13, 98(1), 5-13.
  • Statistics Solutions. (2010). A Manual on Dissertation and Thesis Statistics. Unpublished Manual. Statistics Solutions. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/spss-manual/.
  • Strauss, I. (2015). Understanding South Africa's current account deficit: The role of foreign direct investment income. Transnational Corporations, 23(3), 49-80.
  • Trąpczyński, P. R. (2014). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Performance in the Internationalisation Process of Polish Companies, Doctoral Dissertation. Poznań: Poznań University of Economics, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.
  • UNCTAD . (2016). World Investment Report. Geneva: United Nations Publication.
  • Varma, R., & Varma, D. R. (2005). The Bophal Disaster of 1984. Bulletin of Science Technology&Society, 37-45.
  • WHO. (2017). Preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by reducing environmental risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO),(WHO/FWC/EPE/17.1).
  • WHO. (2019). Noncommunicable diseases and air pollution. WHO European High-Level Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases (s. 1-7). Ashgabat: World Health Organization (WHO).
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emmanuel Nızıgıyımana 0000-0002-0665-5302

Hidayet Gizem Ünlü Ören 0000-0001-6081-096X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Nızıgıyımana, E., & Ünlü Ören, H. G. (2021). SAHRA ALTI AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞRU-DAN YABANCI YATIRIM, ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ VE NÜFUSUN REFAHI: YENİ BİR EKONOMİK REFAH MODELİNE GEREK VAR MIDIR?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(39), 405-434.

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