Abstract
Since the amount of information to be processed by language learners is high in language classroom, learners use different language learning strategies in performing the tasks and processing the new input they face. This paper presented the learning strategies used by Fifth and Sixth primary graders in government schools in Babylon in Iraq. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning questionnaire has been conducted with a sample of 120 pupils to identify the strategies used during language learning. Children were included in this part of the study in an attempt to understand how children engage with and acquire the English language which is a foreign language to them and not easily heard around them. The focus here is to document the strategies that children use in their learning and working with an unfamiliar language. Interesting result of the investigation in this study is that, despite their age and very brief exposure to English, these young learners reported using many learning strategies to assist their second language learning. There is also evidence from this study that children of this age can describe their strategies effectively. Findings also provided strong evidence that all learners, irrespective of their stage or their proficiency, have an extensive resort to learning strategies which they are used in the process of acquiring a particular area of the FL as a reflection of the learning patterns adopted during the language learning process. The results of the study indicated that differences in strategies used by young learners were found in the group preference of strategy categories in both grades.
Keywords: SILL,Oxford’s classification, metacognitive strategies, Iraqi primary schools, Critical Period Hypothesis, Language Learning strategies.
Keywords
SILL Oxford‟s classification metacognitive strategies Iraqi primary schools Critical Period
References
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Abstract
References
- Journals
- Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching Languages to Young Learners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Chamot, A. & O’Malley, J. (1987) The Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: A bridge to the mainstream. TESOL Quarterly, 21 (2), 227-249.
- Green J. & Oxford, R. (1995). A closer look at learning strategies, L2 proficiency, and gender. TESOL Quarterly. 29(2), 261-297.
- Lessard-Clouston, M. (1997). Language Learning Strategies: An Overview for L2 Teachers. Internet TESL Journal
- O’Malley, J., Chamot, A ., Stewner-Manzanares,G. , Kupper, L. & Russo, R. (1985) Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language Learning, 35 (1), 21-46. - Oxford, R.L., & Ehrman, M.E., (1995): Adults’ language learning strategies in an intensive foreign language programme in the United States. System , 23, 359-386.
- Rubin, J. (1975) “What the ‘good language learner’ can teach us”. TESOL Quarterly, 9, p. 41-51.
- Rubin, J. (1981).Learner strategies; theoretical assumptions, Research History and Typology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- -Stern, H. (1975) “What can we learn from the Good Language Learner?” Canadian Modem Language Review, 31, p. 304-318.
- Zhao, A. & Morgan, C. (2004). “Consideration of age in L2 attainment- children, adolescents and adults”. Asian EFL Journal, 6(4).
- Books
- Chomsky, N. (1975) . Reflections on Language. New York ,Pantheon Books
- Hughes, A. (2001). The teaching of language to young learners: linking understanding and principles with practice. In M. Raya, Faber, P., Gewehr, W., Peck, A. (Eds.), Effective Foreign Language Teaching at the Primary Level. - Focus on the Teacher (Vol. 4). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. London: Wiley.
- Lightbown, P. & Spada, N. (2006). How languages are learned (3rd Ed. ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Naiman, N., Frohilich, M., Stern, H., and Todesco, A. (1978). The Good Language Learner. Toronto,Ontario: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
- Oxford, R. (1990) Language Learning strategies, What every Teacher should know.Boston, Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
- Oxford, R. L. & Burry, S. J.(1995). Assessing the use of language learning strategies worldwide with the ESL/EFL. Version of the strategy inventory for language learning (SILL). University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, U. S.A.
- Vale, D. & Feunteun, A. (1995). Teaching Children English. - a Training Course for Teachers of English to Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Internet References
- Fedderholdt, K. (1997). Using Diaries to Develop Language Learning Strategies. Available at http://jalt-publications.org/ old_tlt/files/98/apr/ fedderholdt.html
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 26, 2016 |
| Submission Date | August 22, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 |
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