Öz
The dominance of the pictorial world forms the beginning of the effect of new visual civilisation in the 21st century. Today, we already know that photograph, film and television are just fist stage of visual era. The modern phenomena of digitalisation and mass communication related to the development of information and communication technologies and Internet, dramatically saturate the pictures and pictorial messages to public space and thus also to our everyday life. Posters, billboards and various visual posts attack us every day with their pictorial messages, trying to influence us while going to the work or school as well as while being on the road for a joy or relax. The presence of visual impulses is perceived also in the public space, for example in shopping malls. In such an environment, their role is to affect our purchasing habits. The information lettering in pictorial form -iconograms- orientate us on the streets, at the stations of mass transport, at the airports, in shopping malls, in tourism regions. Today, Internet and social networks are mainly the source of information mediated in the form of pictures in multimedia form. We can not only watch but also create video messages and films on the biggest worldwide Internet portal YouTube we send MMS via smartphones, and we take photos and record videos using the intelligent mobile phones. Another example of digitisation and mass communication is web page Pinterest allowing the users to create thematic sets of pictures or photos free of charge. Of course, the contemporary visual expression may be disputable as long as its functionality is concerned. Many times, we are the witnesses of the origin of the world of "hyper-reality" or virtual reality where experience, real pictures or products are replaced with the virtual ones. The immersion into the new "world" is not investigated to such an extent that we would be able to assess the impact of "hyper-reality" onto the emotional and rational world of a human.
In the article we present a theoretical model of visual literacy and develop new personnel competencies of children for the 21st century, such as visual perception, visual thinking, visual language and learning visual literacy.
Keywords: pictorial world, four literacies, visual literacies, pictures, visual superiority
Anahtar Kelimeler
pictorial world four literacies visual literacies pictures visual superiority
Kaynakça
- Avgerinou, M. D. (2011). Toward a Cohesive Theory of Visual Literacy. In: Journal of Visual Literacy, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 1-19.
- Avgerinou, M. D. (2003). A mad-tea party no-more: Revisiting the visual literacy definition problem. In: R. E. Griffin, V. S. Williams, L. Jung (Eds.). Turning trees. Loretto, PA: IVLA, pp. 29-41.
- Barry, A. N. S. (1997). Visual Intelligence, Perception, Image, and Manipulation in Visual Communication. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997.
- Braden, R. A. (1996). Visual literacy. In: Journal of Visual Literacy, Vol. 16, No 2, pp. 9-83.
- Clark-Baca, J. (1990). Identification by consensus of the critical constructs of visual literacy: A Delphi study. Doctoral Dissertation. East Texas State University.
- Fransecky, R. B., Debes, J. L. 1972. Visual literacy: A way to learn – a way to teach. Washington: DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1972.
- Haber, R. N., Myers, B. L. 1982. Memory for pictograms, pictures, and words separately and all mixed up. In: Perception, 1982, Vol. 11, No 1, pp. 57-64.
- Hoffman, D. (1998, 2006). Visual Intelligence. How We Create What We See. New York – London, W.W. Norton & Company.
- Hortin, J. A. (1994). Theoretical foundations of visual learning. In: Moore, D. M.&Dwyer, F. M. (Eds.). Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, pp. 5-29.
- Gardner, M. (1982). Aha! Gotcha: Paradoxes to puzzel and delight. New York: W.H. Freeman and Comany, 1982.
- Griffin, R. E., Whiteside, J. A. (1984). Visual literacy: A model for understanding the discipline. In: A. D. Walker, R. A. Braden, L. H. Dunker (Eds.). Visual literacy: Enhancing human potential, pp. 70-82. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech University (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No ED131837).
- Kaiser Family Foundation. Generation M². Media in the Lives of 8- to 18- Year- Olds, 2010, p.1. [online]. [cit. 2015-03-07]. On line: https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf
- Kennedy, B. (2013). Visual Literacy. On line: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O39niAzuapc.
- Kim, R.H. (1980). Thinking visually: a strategy manual for problem solving. California: Dale Seymour Publications, 1980.
- Mayer, R. E. 2002. Multimedia learning. In: Ross, B.H. (Eds.). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2002, Vol. 41, pp. 85-139.
- Moore, D.M., Dwyer, F.M. (Eds.). 1994. Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1994.
- Mirzoeff, N. (1999). An introduction to Visual culture. London: Routledge.
- Pettersson, R. (1993). Visual information. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
- Piirto, J. (1999). Talented children and adults: their development and education. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1999.
- Raney, K. (1999). Visual Literacy and the Art Curriculum. In: Journal of Art and Design Education, Vol. 18, No 1.
- Singer, W. (2010). The brain’s view of the world depends on what it has to know. In: A. Berthoz, Y. Christen (Eds.). Neurobiology of „Umwelt“: How living beings perceive the world. Berlin: Springer, pp. 39-52.
- Smith. M. (2008). Visual Culture Studies. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Stafford, B. M. (1999). Visual Analogy, Consciousness as the Art of Connecting. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.
- Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking. An Introduction to Visual culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Šupšáková, B. (2013). Reflection of the primary schoocurriculum from the media literacy perspective in Slovakia. In: ICT in Education Design Processes, Materials and Resources. Zielona Góra: Oficyna wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, Vol. 3, pp. 159-172.
- Šupšáková, B. (2013). New Media and Social Networks as a New Phenomenon of Global Access to Information and Education. In: US-China Education Review A, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 623-635.
- Šupšáková, B. et al. (2014). The Media Literacy of Children and Young People. Bratislava: Iris.
- Šupšáková, B. (2014). Preferences of visual language and symbols in the digital age of youth. In: Ireland International Conference on Education (IICE‐2014), pp. 76-82.
- Thorn, E. A., Braun, C. B. (1974). Teaching the language arts: speaking, listening, reading, writing. Toronto: Educational Publishing Limited, 1974.
Öz
Kaynakça
- Avgerinou, M. D. (2011). Toward a Cohesive Theory of Visual Literacy. In: Journal of Visual Literacy, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 1-19.
- Avgerinou, M. D. (2003). A mad-tea party no-more: Revisiting the visual literacy definition problem. In: R. E. Griffin, V. S. Williams, L. Jung (Eds.). Turning trees. Loretto, PA: IVLA, pp. 29-41.
- Barry, A. N. S. (1997). Visual Intelligence, Perception, Image, and Manipulation in Visual Communication. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997.
- Braden, R. A. (1996). Visual literacy. In: Journal of Visual Literacy, Vol. 16, No 2, pp. 9-83.
- Clark-Baca, J. (1990). Identification by consensus of the critical constructs of visual literacy: A Delphi study. Doctoral Dissertation. East Texas State University.
- Fransecky, R. B., Debes, J. L. 1972. Visual literacy: A way to learn – a way to teach. Washington: DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1972.
- Haber, R. N., Myers, B. L. 1982. Memory for pictograms, pictures, and words separately and all mixed up. In: Perception, 1982, Vol. 11, No 1, pp. 57-64.
- Hoffman, D. (1998, 2006). Visual Intelligence. How We Create What We See. New York – London, W.W. Norton & Company.
- Hortin, J. A. (1994). Theoretical foundations of visual learning. In: Moore, D. M.&Dwyer, F. M. (Eds.). Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, pp. 5-29.
- Gardner, M. (1982). Aha! Gotcha: Paradoxes to puzzel and delight. New York: W.H. Freeman and Comany, 1982.
- Griffin, R. E., Whiteside, J. A. (1984). Visual literacy: A model for understanding the discipline. In: A. D. Walker, R. A. Braden, L. H. Dunker (Eds.). Visual literacy: Enhancing human potential, pp. 70-82. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech University (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No ED131837).
- Kaiser Family Foundation. Generation M². Media in the Lives of 8- to 18- Year- Olds, 2010, p.1. [online]. [cit. 2015-03-07]. On line: https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf
- Kennedy, B. (2013). Visual Literacy. On line: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O39niAzuapc.
- Kim, R.H. (1980). Thinking visually: a strategy manual for problem solving. California: Dale Seymour Publications, 1980.
- Mayer, R. E. 2002. Multimedia learning. In: Ross, B.H. (Eds.). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2002, Vol. 41, pp. 85-139.
- Moore, D.M., Dwyer, F.M. (Eds.). 1994. Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1994.
- Mirzoeff, N. (1999). An introduction to Visual culture. London: Routledge.
- Pettersson, R. (1993). Visual information. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
- Piirto, J. (1999). Talented children and adults: their development and education. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1999.
- Raney, K. (1999). Visual Literacy and the Art Curriculum. In: Journal of Art and Design Education, Vol. 18, No 1.
- Singer, W. (2010). The brain’s view of the world depends on what it has to know. In: A. Berthoz, Y. Christen (Eds.). Neurobiology of „Umwelt“: How living beings perceive the world. Berlin: Springer, pp. 39-52.
- Smith. M. (2008). Visual Culture Studies. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Stafford, B. M. (1999). Visual Analogy, Consciousness as the Art of Connecting. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.
- Sturken, M., Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking. An Introduction to Visual culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Šupšáková, B. (2013). Reflection of the primary schoocurriculum from the media literacy perspective in Slovakia. In: ICT in Education Design Processes, Materials and Resources. Zielona Góra: Oficyna wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, Vol. 3, pp. 159-172.
- Šupšáková, B. (2013). New Media and Social Networks as a New Phenomenon of Global Access to Information and Education. In: US-China Education Review A, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 623-635.
- Šupšáková, B. et al. (2014). The Media Literacy of Children and Young People. Bratislava: Iris.
- Šupšáková, B. (2014). Preferences of visual language and symbols in the digital age of youth. In: Ireland International Conference on Education (IICE‐2014), pp. 76-82.
- Thorn, E. A., Braun, C. B. (1974). Teaching the language arts: speaking, listening, reading, writing. Toronto: Educational Publishing Limited, 1974.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Ağustos 2016 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Ağustos 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016Cilt: 2 Sayı: 5 |
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